Class 8 History3. Effects of British RuleEXERCISES(Page no.14)

Class 8 History

3. Effects of British Rule

EXERCISES(Page no.14)

1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.

(1) Portuguese, ........ French, British participated in the competition of capturing Indian market.

(a) Austrian (b) Dutch (c) German (d) Swedish

Ans: Dutch

(2) In 1802 Peshwa .......... signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British.

(a) Bajirao I (b) Sawai Madhavrao

(c) Peshwa Nanasaheb (d) Bajirao II

Ans: Bajirao II

(3) Jamshedjee Tata started the manufacturing of steel at Tata Iron and Steel industry established in

(a) Mumbai (b) Kolkata (c) Jamshedpur (d) Delhi

Ans: Jamshedpur

Q. 2 Explain the following concept

1. Civil Services

Ans. (1) There was a need of bureaucrats to strengthen the British rule in India.

(2) Lord Cornwallis introduced Civil Services which became an important part of the British government.

(3) The territories occupied by the British were divided into districts for administrative convenience. The district administration was headed by Collector.

(4) The officers appointed through the Civil Services (ICS) were taken into administrative services.

2. Commercialization of Agriculture

Ans. (1) In the pre-British period, farmers used to cultivate food grains to fulfill domestic need as well as need of the village.

(2) The British government gave encouragements to the cultivation of cash crops like indigo, cotton, tobacco, tea, etc.

(3) The shift from cultivation of foodgrains to profit-yielding cash crops is known as Commercialisation of Agriculture.

3. Economic Policy of British

Ans. (1) Capitalist economy prevailed in England due to the Industrial Revolution.

(2) This system was brought to India to nurture the British economy.

(3) It resulted in the economic gains for England but exploitation and impoverishment of India.

Q. 3 Explain the following statements with reasons

1. Farmers in India became bankrupt

Ans. The British made number of changes in the existing system to increase the revenue.

(1) The payment of revenue was made compulsory in cash and within the prescribed time limit.

(2) Land was confiscated if the revenue was not paid in time.

(3) The land revenue collection differed from place to place which resulted in the exploitation of the farmers.

(4) Farmers were forced to sell their produce to the merchants and middlemen at a low price in order to pay revenue.

(5) Farmers mortgaged land to pay tax and became indebted to moneylenders.

In this way, the farmers became bankrupt in India.

2. There was decline of traditional industries in India.

Ans. (1) The British government levied heavy duty on the goods exported from India to England.

(2) The goods imported from England were produced in factories on a large scale and at minimum cost.

(3) The duty levied on them by British was far too less.

(4) So, these goods were cheap as compared to traditional goods.

(5) The Indian artisans found it difficult to compete with low priced British goods.

(6) Eventually, this led to closing down of traditional industries in India.

Q 4.Complete the following table.