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Class 8:History & Civics Study Material Chapter:4 The Freedom Struggle of 1857 I. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options Options: [ Umaji Naik, War of Independence, Lord Dalhousie, Secretary of State, Tatya Tope ] 1. V. D. Savarkar named the struggle of 1857 as the War of Independence . 2. Umaji Naik united the Ramoshis to rebel against the British. 3. After the struggle of 1857, the post of Secretary of State was created in the British Government to look after the affairs of India. 4. Lord Dalhousie was the Governor General who annexed the princely states. II. Explain the following statements with reasons Q.1 The Paikas made armed rebellion against the British. (1) The Britishers conquered Odisha in 1803. (2) They confiscated the hereditary rent-free land granted to Paikas by the kings. (3) The life of the common man became miserable due to tax imposed on salt by the British. This resulted in armed rebellion of the Paikas against the British in 1817. Q.2 There was discontent among the Hindu and Muslim sepoys. (1) In 1856, the British introduced long Enfield rifles. (2) The soldiers were required to bite the greased covering of the cartridges of the rifle to open them. (3) The news spread among the soldiers that the covering of the cartridges contained the fat of cows and pigs. (4) The religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers were hurt and there was discontent among them. Q.3 The Indian sepoys could not keep stand in front of the British army. (1) The Indian soldiers were brave but they had no military strategies. (2) They did not have economic strength. (3) Indians did not have latest and enough stock of arms and experienced army generals like the British. (4) On the other hand, the British possessed the modern means of transport and communication and were therefore swift in their movements. This proved that the wars are not fought only on bravery but also through military strategies. Q.4 After the struggle, Indian army was divided on the basis of caste. (1) The British felt that if the Indians came together they would again unite and rebel against the British rule. (2) Hence, proper care was taken by dividing them on the basis of caste to avoid future conflict. Q.5 The British imposed heavy taxes on Indian industries. (1) The British introduced new revenue system with the sole purpose to increase their income. (2) The taxes were forcibly collected from the farmers. (3) British goods were sold in India to gain profits. (4) They imposed heavy taxes on the goods made by local industries. (5) This trade policy ruined Indian handicraft and textile industries. (6) Many artisans became unemployed. The British imposed heavy taxes on Indian industries with the sole purpose to ruin the Indian economy. III. Answer the following questions in brief Q.1 What were the social causes behind the struggle of 1857? Ans: Social causes : The Indians felt that the Britishers were interfering in the culture, tradition and customs of India. Sati prohibition, widow remarriage act were correct from social point of view, but the Indians thought that it is an interference in their lifestyle and hence they were dissatisfied. Q.2.Why did the Indians fail in the struggle of 1857? Ans. There are several reasons for the failure of Indians in the struggle of 1857. They were: (1) It did not have central leadership so lacked uniformity. (2) The Indian soldiers who participated in the struggle did not have latest and sufficient weapons. (3) They were brave but did not have tactics. (4) On the other hand, the British had a unified leadership, disciplined army, latest weapons and experienced army generals. (5) The British controlled transport and communication which made their movement swift. (6) The majority of the rulers of the Princely States kept themselves away from the freedom struggle. (7) The struggle was severe in Northern India. It did not take place all over India simultaneously. (8) Rajputana, Punjab, some parts of Bengal and North west India remained aloof. Q.2 What were the consequences of the struggle of 1857? Ans. (1) The British government realised that there was growing dissatisfaction among the Indians due to Company's rule. (2) The British Parliament passed the Government of India Act in 1858 and took over the responsibility of ruling over people of India thus bringing an end to Company's rule. (3) The Queen issued a Declaration addressing the people of India. (4) The Governor General was designated as the Viceroy of India. (5) A new post of Secretary of State was created to look after the affairs of India. (6) The British changed the composition of army and its internal policies. Q.3 What were the changes in British policy after the struggle of 1857? Ans. (1) The British accepted the policy of non-interference in social and religious aspects of Indians. (2) They took care that Indian society did not unite on social grounds. (3) They took care to see that conflicts on grounds of caste, religion, race, territory kept raging. (4) They poisoned and polluted the minds of Indians by following the policy of 'Divide and Rule'.

Class 8:History & Civics Study Material Chapter:4 The Freedom Struggle of 1857 I. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options Options: [ Umaji Naik, War of Independence, Lord Dalhousie, Secretary of State, Tatya Tope ] 1. V. D. Savarkar named the struggle of 1857 as the War of Independence . 2. Umaji Naik united the Ramoshis to rebel against the British. 3. After the struggle of 1857, the post of Secretary of State was created in the British Government to look after the affairs of India. 4. Lord Dalhousie was the Governor General who annexed the princely states. II. Explain the following statements with reasons Q.1 The Paikas made armed rebellion against the British. Answer :(1) The Britishers conquered Odisha in 1803. (2) They confiscated the hereditary rent-free land granted to Paikas by the kings. (3) The life of the common man became miserable due to tax imposed on salt by the British. This resulted in armed rebellion of the Paikas against the British in 1...
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Class 7 History 4. Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj

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Class 7 History  4. Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj 1. Complete the Following Chart Answer : 2. Write the Meaning 1. Budruk Answer:To indicate two villages are separate, the terms Budruk and Khurd were used. The original village was named as Budruk and the new village was known as Khurd. Example: Vadgaon Budruk and Vadgaon Khurd. 2. Balut Answer:There were village artisans, with hereditary rights regarding their occupations. The artisans rendered service to the villagers and, in return the farmers tenants gave a share of their agricultural produce. This share was known as Baluta. 3. Vatan Answer:The term ‘Vatan’ is Arabic. In medieval Maharashtra it meant hereditary and permanent right for which the holder need not pay any revenue. 3. Find Out and Write 1. People from Africa who had settled along the Konkan coastline - The Siddi of Africa. 2. The author of ‘Amratanubhav’ - Sant Dnyaneshwar. 3. Sant Tukaram’s place - Dehu village, near Pune. 4. He compose...
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Class 7 English Chapter 2.1 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

Class 7 English Chapter 2.1  2.1 From a Railway Carriage Glossary: Fairy (n) – a small imaginary being of the human form that has magical powers, especially good ones Witch (n) – a woman thought to have magical powers especially evil ones Hedge (n) – a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs Ditch (n) – a narrow channel dug at the side of a road or field, to hold or carry away water Meadow (n) – a piece of grassland, especially one used for hay Clamber (v) – climb or move in an awkward and laborious way, using both hands and feet Scramble (v) – make one’s way quickly over rough ground by using one’s hands as well as feet Tramp (n) – a person who travels from one place to another on foot in search of work, a homeless person Lumping (v) – carry a heavy load somewhere with difficulty Glimpse (n) – quick look, (v) – to catch sight of briefly Bramble (v) – any rough, wild tangled prickly shrub, specifically the blackberry bush Carriage (n) – a passenger train Cart (...
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Class 8 Subject : Civics2.The Indian Parliament

Class 7 Subject : Civics 2.The Indian Parliament Q. 1.Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct option. 1. Candidates to the Lok Sabha are elected through __________ (a) Territorial constituencies (b) Religious constituencies (c) Local bodies (d) Proportional Representation System Ans. Candidates to the Lok Sabha are elected through Territorial constituencies. 2. India's __________ is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. (a) President (b) Vice-President (c) Prime Minister (d) Chief Justice Ans. India's Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Q.2. Find and write. 1. Members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are known as __________ Ans. Members of Parliament (MPs) 2. The responsibility of making laws is with __________ Ans. Parliament 3. Explain following statements with reasons. 1. Rajya Sabha is a permanent House. Explain. Ans. (1) The tenure of the members of Rajya Sabha does not get over at the same time. (2) 1/3rd of the total membershi...
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Class 7 Civics 1. Introduction to our Constitution/Questions and Answers /Maharashtra State board

Class 7 Civics 1. Introduction to our Constitution/Questions and Answers /Maharashtra State board 1. Explain the Following Concepts 1. Provisions of the Constitution Answer : Provisions of the Constitution means spelling out different aspects related to the governance of a State (country). These include: • Provisions regarding the citizenship and the rights of the citizens. • Provisions related to powers of the government and the restrictions thereon. • Provisions relating to the relationship between the citizens and the government. • Provisions related to elections.  2: Constitution Day Every year 26th November is observed as the Constitution Day in India. This is due to the fact that the Constituent Assembly had enacted and adopted the Constitution of India on 26th November, 1949. 2. Discuss  1: Why was a Constituent Assembly established? Answer : • The leaders of the freedom movement insisted that independent India will not be governed by the laws made by the British govern...
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Class 8: Geography 3. Interior of the Earth/Maharashtra state board/Questions and Answers

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Class 8: Geography 3. Interior of the Earth/Maharashtra state board/Questions and Answers  1. Tick [✓] the correct options in the box: A. There are two layers in the crust. (a) Inner and outer crust [ ]  (b) Continental and oceanic crust [ ] (c) Surface and oceanic crust [ ] (d) Mantle and core [ ] Answer:(b) Continental and oceanic crust [✓] B. Which element is found in both mantle and crust? (a) Silica [ ] (b) Magnesium [ ] (c) Aluminium [ ] (d) Iron [ ] Answer: (b) Magnesium [✓] C. Which of these minerals are found in the core of the earth? (a) Iron – magnesium [ ] (b) Magnesium – nickel [ ] (c) Aluminium – iron [ ] (d) Iron – nickel [ ] Answer: (d) Iron – nickel [✓] D. The inner core is in which state? (a) Gaseous [ ] (b) Solid [ ] (c) Liquid [ ] (d) Semi-solid [ ] Answer: (a) Gaseous [✓] E. The outer core is made up of (a) Iron [ ] (b) Gold [ ] (c) Hydrogen [ ] (d) Oxygen [ ] Answer: (a) Iron [✓] F. The layer of the earth on which we live.. . (a) Mantle [ ] (b) Core [ ] (...
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Class 8: Subject :Geography 1.Local time and Standard Time.

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Class 8: Subject :Geography  1.Local time and Standard Time. Q 1.Complete the sentence by selecting the correct option: a.The earth requires 24 hours for one rotation. In one hour, ............... . (a) 5 longitudes will face the sun (b) 10 longitudes will face the sun (c) 15 longitudes will face the sun (d) 20 longitudes will face the sun Answer: (c) 15 longitudes will face the sun b.To calculate the difference between the local times of any two places on the earth, ............. . (a) the noon time at both the places should be known (b) the difference in degrees of their longitudes should be known (c) the difference in standard times of both the places should be known (d) changes need to be made according to International Date Line. Answer:(b) the difference in degrees of their longitudes should be known c.The difference between the local time of any two consecutive longitudes is .............  (a) 15 minutes(b) 04 minutes(c) 30 minutes(d) 60 minutes Answer: (b) 04 minutes Q...
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