Class 8 History 11. Struggle for EqualityMaharshtra State board/textual exercise /question and answers.

Class 8 History 

11. Struggle for Equality

Maharshtra State board/textual exercise /question and answers.

Q.1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options. (Lala Lajpat Rai, Sane Guruji, Rakhmabai Janardan Save)

 (1) ................ founded the Red Cross Society at Rajkot. 

Ans: Rakhmabai Janardan founded the Red Cross Society at Rajkot. 

(2) ................ was the President of mill workers union at Ammalner. 

Ans:Sane Guruji was the President of mill workers union at Ammalner. 

(3) The President of the first session of AITUC was ................ .

Ans: The President of the first session of AITUC was Lala Lajpat Rai.

Q. 2.  Write short notes.

 (1) Social work of Vitthal Ramji Shinde.

Ans: 1.In 1906, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde started the ‘Depressed Classes Mission’ for the progress of the Dalits. 

2.The important part of their work was to make the Dalits self respectful, well educated and engaged in work, while the second part of their work was to destroy the delusive ideas regarding dalits in the minds of the upper castes. 

3. For this purpose he founded marathi schools, work schools in parts of Parel, Deonar in Mumbai. 

4. He actively took part for the benefit of Dalit class regarding satyagraha for entry in Parvati temple at Pune, Shetkari Parishad of Dalits, federal electorate etc.

 (2) Reforms of Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj in the state of Kolhapur.

Ans:1. Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj made revolutionary declaration for reservation in state of Kolhapur.

2. He made a law for free and compulsory primary education. 

3.He did substantial work for abolition of caste discrimination. 

4.There were three restrictions put up in the caste system. 

5.Prohibition of inter dining with certain castes (Rotibandi), prohibition of intercaste marriages (Betibandi), prohibition of pursuing certain Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj occupation (Vyavasaybandi). 

Q. 3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

 (1) The Government decided to crush down the communist movement.

Ans: 1.The Communist Party was formed in India in 1925.

2.The young communist leaders started building militant organisations of workers and peasants.

3.The British government started feeling the danger of Communist movement and hence decide to crush it.

 (2) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar started newspapers like ‘Muknayak’ Bahishkrut Bharat etc. 

Ans: 1.Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar wanted to establish a society based on principles of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.

2.He intended to carry out movement to establish self-respect and social equality for Dalits.

3.It was necessary to create awakening in society in this respect and to voice their grief.

4.The newspaper was an integral part of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar’s movement.

5.Hence, he started many newspapers so that his ideas and thoughts reach the society.

(3) There aroused a need of nation wide workers union.

Ans: 1. In the later half of the 19th century, textile mills, railway companies and such other industries were started in India.

2.The workers group were not aroused on large scale.

3.As there were no unions, the workers were not organised.

4.After the First World War, there was rise of worker class in India due to industrialisation.

Q. 4. Answer the following questions in brief. (1) Why was the struggle for equality important  in the making of Modern India ?

Ans:1.India achieved freedom because of freedom struggle.

2.The scope of this struggle was not limited to achieve political freedom but emancipation of man from all types of bondages.

3.Therefore in the course of this struggle, there was opposition to feudalism, social inequality and economic exploitation.

4.The principle of equality was given equal importance.

5.Various groups such as farmers, workers, women and Dalits came forward and started movements in order to get justice and bring about reforms.

6.This proves that the struggle for equality has great significance in the making of Modern India.

 (2) Write about the work of Sane Guruji in eastern Khandesh.

Ans: 1.In 1938, due to heavy rains crops were destroyed in eastern Khandesh.

2.He organised the farmers who were in miserable state.

3.Sane Guruji organised meetings and processions at many places in eastern Khandesh to have land revenue waived for the farmers.

4.He took out marches on the Collector office.

5.He tried to create a strong centre of workers union at Dhule-Ammalner.

 (3) How was the struggle built up by workers decisive for the national movement ?

Ans: 1.The beginning of the 19th century witnessed the emergence of working-class due to industrialisation. They made efforts to solve their problems.

2.During the anti-partition movement, workers carried out strikes from time to time to pressurise the British government.

3.The tea plantation workers in Assam launched an agitation against their wretched condition.

4.During the anti-partition movement, workers carried out strikes from time to time in support of Swadeshi.

5.In 1928, the Mill Workers Union went on strike for six months. Many such strikes were organised by the Railway workers, jute mill workers, etc.

4.Discuss the nature of reform movement related to women.

Ans: 1.Women had a secondary position in the Indian social system.

2.They were subjected to many injustices because of evil practices.

3.In the 20th century, many reforms were initiated for the betterment of women.

4.The reform movement was led by women and institutions formed by them.

5.They fought for issues such as the right to inheritance, right to vote through the medium of these institutions.

6.The involvement of women went on increasing. They played an active role in the national movement and in the revolutionary movement.

Due to the reform movement, women we were included in the Provincial Ministries.