Class 8 Subject: HistoryChapter no. 6.Beginning of the Freedom Movement

Class 8 Subject: History

Chapter no. 6.Beginning of the Freedom Movement

1. (A) Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.

(1) The Servants of India Society was founded by .............. .

(a) Ganesh Vasudev Joshi

(b) Bhau Daji Lad

(c) M.G.Ranade

(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Ans: The Servants of India Society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

(2) The first session of Indian National Congress was held at .............. .

(a) Pune

(b) Mumbai

(c) Kolkata

 (d) Lucknow

Ans: The first session of Indian National Congress was held at Mumbai.

(3) ................ wrote the Geeta Rahasya.

(a) Lokmanya Tilak

(b) Dadabhai Nowrojee

(c) Lala Lajpat Rai

(d) Bipinchandra Pal

Ans:Lokmanya Tilak wrote the Geeta Rahasya.

(B) Write the names

(1) Moderate leaders ______ _______

Ans: Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Surendranath Banerjee

Dadabhai Naoroji

(2) Extremist leaders ______ _____

Ans: Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Lala Lajpat Rai

Bipin Chandra Pal (the “Lal Bal Pal” trio

Q.2. Explain the following statements with reasons.

1.In the struggle for Independence, a sense of identity was awakened among the Indians.

Answer:

 1. Western education familiarised the educated Indians with modern values such as liberty, equality, democracy and nationalism.

 2. The Asiatic Society at Bengal edited and published hundreds of manuscripts in Sanskrit, Persian and other Indian languages.

3.  The realization that India had a rich ancient heritage aroused the feeling of national pride. This gave a sense of identity to Indians.

2. Two groups were formed in the Congress.

Answer:

1 . Though at a slow pace, the contribution of Indian National Congress was consistent in the initial stage. But the extremists felt to intensify the freedom struggle.

2. Moderates and Extremists were unanimous about the objectives of Congress. But they had differences regarding the methods/ways to achieve it.

3. The moderates insisted on constitutional measures whereas extremists wanted to adopt severe methods.

4. The tension between these groups increased during the Surat session in 1907.

This led to the formation of two groups within the Congress.

3. Lord Curzon decided to partition Bengal.

Answer:

1 . Bengal was a large province. So under the pretext of administrative convenience, the province of Bengal was partitioned by Lord Curzon.

2. Accordingly, the Muslim-majority East Bengal and the Hindu-Majority West Bengal were created in 1905.

3. The real motive was to create a divide between the Hindus and the Muslims and thereby weaken the nationalist movement. The British used the Policy of 'Divide and Rule'.

Q.3 Write short notes.

(1) Objectives of Indian National Congress

Answer:

The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 with the following objectives:

1.  To bring together the people of India on a common platform.

2.To create a feeling of unity among them, irrespective of religion, race, language, geographical territories.

 3. To provide opportunities to understand one another's problems and views.

4.  To increase the feeling of unity among the people.

  5.To take measures for the upliftment of the country.

2. Anti Partition Movement 

Answer:

1.  With the motive to create a divide between the Hindus and the Muslims, Lord Curzon divided the province of Bengal in the Muslim-majority East Bengal and the Hindu-majority West Bengal in 1905.

  2.The day of partition, 1 6th October was observed as the 'National Mourning Day'.

All over India, protest meetings were organised to condemn the decision of the government.

3.  Singing of Vande Mataram and Rakshabandhan programmes were arranged to mark the protest.

4.  Government-run schools and colleges were boycotted in large number by the students.

5.  Sensing the intensity and severity of dissatisfaction the British annulled the Partition of Bengal.

3. Four Point Programme of the Indian National Congress .

Answer:

In the session of 1906 of the Indian National Congress, the four-point programme was unanimously accepted.

1. Swadeshi: To make use of capital, resources,

manpower in our country so that it becomes self-sufficient.

2.Boycott: It was decided to boycott foreign goods as a first step, and boycott of foreign rule be the next step. It would be an attack on the roots of British imperialism.

3.Swaraj: The final objective is to attain freedom.

4.National Education: To impart education which will create pride for the nation among people.

Q. 4. Explain the background behind the establishment of Indian National Congress with the help of following points:

1 . Centralisation of administration

2. Economic exploitation

3. Western education

4. Study of Ancient Indian History

5. Role of newspapers

 Answer:

The background behind the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885:

1 . Centralisation of administration .

  The uniform policies, identical reforms and equality before law brought the nation under one roof.

  The network of roads and railways brought the people of India together.

  It developed the feeling of unity among Indians.

2. Economic exploitation .

  The economic exploitation of India through the imperialistic policies led to the drain of the Indian wealth to England.

  Industries declined and the farmers became bankrupt.

  Imposition of taxes on middle class and the exploitation of worker class by the capitalist led to growth of discontent.

3. Western education .

  Western education familiarised the educated Indians with modern values and principles such as liberty, equality and democracy.

  They accepted principles like rationalism, humanity and nationalism.

  They realised that they can carry out work of the country by following them.

4. Study of Ancient Indian History .

  The manuscripts in Sanskrit, Persian and many other languages were examined and research was published.

  Many western Scholars started to study Indian culture.

  The realisation that India had a rich ancient heritage aroused the feeling of national pride among Indians.

5. Role of newspapers .

  Newspapers in English and vernacular languages carried articles criticising the policies of the government.

  It led to social and political awakening.