Class 7 Subject : History 12. Progression of the Empire (Question and Answer/Maharashtra state board Question and Answers.

Class 7 Subject : History 

12. Progression of the Empire (Question and Answer/Maharashtra state board Question and Answers.

1. Answer in one word.

(1) She took the charge of the Indore administration.

Answer: Ahilyabai Holkar

(2) The most capable and brave man in Bhosale family of Nagpur.

Answer: Raghuji Bhosale

(3) He reinstated the Emperor on the throne of Delhi.

Answer: Mahadji Shinde

(4) He managed the politics in South.

Answer: Nana Phadnis

2. Arrange chronologically.

(1) The battle of Ashti.

 (2) Maratha dominance over Odisha.of the Maratha power. 

 (3) The British flew the Union Jack in Pune

Answer : 

The correct chronological order is:

(2) Maratha dominance over Odisha.

This was achieved by Raghuji Bhosale of Nagpur in the 1740s-1750s.

(1) The battle of Ashti.

This battle was fought in 1818 during the Third Anglo-Maratha War.

(3) The British flew the Union Jack in Pune.

This happened after the British captured Pune in 1817.

3. Write briefly.

(1) The work done by Ahilyabai Holkar.

Answer: 

Ahilyabai Holkar was the queen of the Indore state. She was a great administrator and a visionary ruler. Besides maintaining law and order, she is most famous for her contributions to religion and public welfare. She built and renovated numerous temples, ghats, wells, and rest houses (Dharamshalas) at pilgrimage sites across India, including Kashi (Varanasi), Gaya, Somnath, and Ayodhya. She ruled with wisdom and justice for nearly 30 years.

(2) The valour shown by Mahadji Shinde.

Answer: 

Mahadji Shinde was a formidable Maratha general who re-established Maratha power in North India after the disaster of Panipat. He reinstated the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II on the Delhi throne, which gave him immense prestige and control over Mughal affairs. His greatest military achievement was the victory in the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782), where he defeated the British forces. He also modernized his army with the help of European officers like de Boigne.

(3) The Maratha rule in Gujarat.

Answer: 

Peshwa Bajirao I first established the Maratha influence in Gujarat after his campaign in 1723. Later, Damaji Gaikwad took control of the region and established his authority. Although the Gaikwads ruled Gujarat, they remained subordinate to the Peshwa for a long time. The Maratha rule in Gujarat lasted until the British took control of the region during the Anglo-Maratha wars in the early 19th century.

4. Discuss the reasons behind the end of Maratha rule.

Answer: Several factors led to the end of Maratha rule:

Internal Dissensions and Lack of Unity: After the Battle of Panipat (1761) and the death of the Peshwa, there was constant infighting among the major Maratha chiefs like the Scindias, Holkars, Bhosales, and Gaikwads. They fought amongst themselves for power and territory, weakening the central authority.

Weak Leadership: The later Peshwas were not as capable as Bajirao I or even Balaji Bajirao. They failed to keep the powerful Sardars united under a single command.

British Superiority: The British East India Company had superior military technology, discipline, and a unified command structure. They also had better financial resources and a clear political goal of establishing their empire.

Faulty Treaty Relations: The Maratha chiefs signed treaties with the British individually (like the Treaty of Surat and Treaty of Purandar), which created divisions and allowed the British to interfere in their internal matters using the policy of ‘Subsidiary Alliance’.

Three Anglo-Maratha Wars: The Marathas fought three major wars with the British. They lost the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha Wars decisively, leading to the British taking complete control over the Peshwa’s territories and those of the other Maratha chiefs.