4.History of Indian Arts/ class 10 History /maharashtra state board/questions and answers/solution

Class 10 Geography4.History of Indian Arts/ class 10 History /maharashtra state board/questions and answers/solution 

1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement. (1) The arts of painting and sculpting are ………. . 

(a) visual arts  

 (b) performing arts 

 (c) folk arts 

(d) classical arts

Ans: 1) The arts of painting and sculpting are visual arts.

 (2) The ………. saw the rise of Mathura school. 

(a) Kushana period  

(b) Gupta period

 (c) Rashtrakuta period

 (d) Maurya period 

Ans: (2) The Kushana period saw the rise of Mathura school. 

(B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.

 (1) Qutub Minar – Mehrauli

 (2) Gol Gumbaz – Vijapur

 (3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Delhi

 (4) Taj Mahal – Agra      

Ans: (3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Delhi

  2. Write short notes.

(1) Art

Answer:1. It is a natural instinct in humans to share their emotions, experience, wisdom acquired with others.

2.This act of sharing, results in beautiful creation, called an ‘Art’.

3.Art gives us an experience of different elements.

4.These elements are expressed through sculpture, singing, painting and dance.

5.The crucial factors which are at the root of artistic creation are the imagination power of the artist.

6.The sensibility state of his emotions and skills.

(2) Hemadpanti style

Answer:1.Hemadpanti temples were primarily built in 12th- 13th century.

The main feature of this style is its masonry. The walls are built without mortar, by locking stones, using the tenon and mortise joints technique.

2.Hemadpanti temples are built in square¬shaped and star-shaped designs. In the star¬shaped plan, the outer walls of a temple has a zigzag design which gives interesting effect of alternating light and shadow.

3.Tourists are attracted to see these beautiful designs. Hemadpanti temples are found at several places in Maharashtra.

(3) Maratha style of painting

Answer:1.The Maratha style of paintings began to develop in the later half of the 17th century.

2.This style consists of coloured paintings which are in form of murals and miniatures used in manuscripts.

3.Murals of Maratha style can be seen at the entrance of old wadas, in drawing rooms and on the ceilings of the temples.

4.The Maratha style was influenced by the Rajput and European style of paintings.

The Maratha style of paintings helps us to understand various things about the times in which it was developed such as lifestyle, attires, customs, etc.

 

3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

(1) An expert with deep understanding of art history is required in the art market.

Answer:

1.There is an independent market for purchase and sale of art objects.

The authenticity of the object, its standards can only be assessed by an expert.

2.Only an artist can know the exact value of an art object or ensure if it is genuine or not.

3.So, when art objects are assessed all the above points are considered.

This requires special expertise. Hence an expert with deep understanding of art history is required for this task.

(2) It is necessary to preserve the tradition like Chitrakathi, which is on the verge of extinction.

Answer:1.The stories from Ramayana or Mahabharata narrated with the help of wooden puppets and paintings is known as Chitrakathi or Pinguli tradition.

2.It is preserved by the Thakur community.

As the Chitrakathi pictures are drawn on papers and painted using col9urs made from natural substances, they deteriorate rapidly if not maintained.

3.Therefore it is necessarý to preserve the tradition like Chitrakathi as it is part of our glorious cultural heritage and is on the verge of extinction.

 

4. Complete the following table.

Ans: 

 

 5. Answer the following questions in detail. 

(1) Write in detail about folk styles of painting.

Answer:1.The art of rock painting dates back to Stone Age. These rock paintings have preserved the style of folk painting.

Rock paintings usually depict humans, animals and geometric figures.

2.The style of rock paintings seems to be changing according to the cultural changes from Stone age to the beginning of agriculture.

3.Man started depicting flora and fauna in a different style and also figures.

There was difference in colours too. Black and Red were used in rock paintings.

Colours extracted from natural substances were used.

4.The man started using the knowledge he got from the surroundings and nature and depicted it in the pictures.

5.In the later stage of development, man started customs such as decorating the walls and courtyards (Rangawali).

6.By drawing various figures and symbols or using panels of painting to narrate stories. It helped in the development of folk paintings.

(2) Explain the characteristics of the Islamic architecture in India by giving examples.

Answer:

1.A blend of Persian, Central Asian, Arabic and pre Islamic native Indian styles created the Islamic architecture of India.

Following are the characteristics of Islamic architecture developed in the medieval period under the patronage of 1.Muslim sultanates:

Built in Islamic style, the Kutub Minor is the highest minaret in the world. It is 73 metres (240 ft) in height.

1.The Taj Mahal built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jah’an is looked’ upon as the paramount* example of Islamic’architecture.

2.The Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur in Karnataka built in 17th century is known for its echo which can be heard many times.

3.The forts at Agra and Delhi are known for their massive walls of redstone.

1.The walls are interrupted by graceful curves and lofty bastions. Red sandstone, domes, arches, minarets, magnificance all combined form characteristics of Islamic architecture.

(3) What kind of professional opportunities are available in the field of arts?

Answer:Various opportunities are available in different fields of art:

1.Art historian can work in field of journalism. Art students can work in museums, archives, libraries. Information Technology, archaeological research and Indology contribute to recently developed fields like Heritage Management and Cultural Tourism.

2.An expert in art is required to assess the exact value of an art object and also in its sale and purchase. Experts are required in the field of manufacturing of objects for home decoration.

3.Ornaments, artistic creations of metals, earthen pots with colourful designs, objects made from cane and bamboo, beautiful glass objects, attractive textiles and clothing all come are under applied arts.

4.These fields require experts in manufacturing and sales. Hence many opportunities of employment are available in the field of arts.

(4) Observe the illustration of Warli painting on p. 23 and write about:

 (a) Depiction of nature 

(b) Drawings of human figures

 (c) Depiction of occupations

 (d) Houses 

Ans: The traditions of Warli painting and Pingul or Chitra Katha in Maharashtra are among the finest examples of folk style of paintings. Divya Somya Mashe, the artist in Thane district has played a great role in making the Warli style of paintings very popular. He has been honored with a number of national and international awards for his paintings. In the year 2011, he was awarded ‘Padmashree’.

1.Name of the painting tradition:

This picture is from Warli tradition.

2.Nature’s description:

Artist has sketched trees, leaves and shrubs in the picture. A fish is also drawn.

3.Sketch of human activities:

Women dancing in a circular pattern is also sketched in the picture.

4.Designing features:

Pictures of men, women and children are sketched. Warli paintings do not portray the exact objects but only a sketch. Human figures are drawn with the help of a triangle, circle and square which are placed at the tip.