8th Geography7. Population : Questions and Parents.
8th Geography
7. Population : Questions and Parents.
Q 1. Complete the following sentences.
(A) If the birth rate is greater than the death rate then the population………..
(i) decreases (ii) increases. (iii) remains constant
(iv) becomes surplus
Ans: increases
(B) People of ……………age group are included in the productive population.
(i) 0 to 14. (ii) 14 to 60. (iii) 15 to 60. (iv) 15 to 59
Ans: 15 to 59
(C) The spread of modern technology in society is mostly dependant on ……
(i) Sex Ratio (ii) Birth Rate (iii) Literacy(iv) Migration
Ans: Migration
Q 2. Examine the following statements and correct
the incorrect ones.
(a) The population density of a region can be
understood from its area.
Ans: Incorrect.
Correct sentence: The population density of a region can be understood from its area and the total volume of population living in it.
(b) The quality of population is determined on the basis of literacy.
Ans: Correct
(c) There is an adverse impact on manpower in
the regions of out migration.
Ans: Correct
(d) Greater economic prosperity indicates the
development of a region.
Ans: Incorrect
Correct sentence: Greater economic prosperity as well as higher standards of living, higher quality of life, availability of opportunities, freedom, etc, indicate the development of region.
(e) Developing countries have an HDI of 1.
Ans: Incorrect.
Correct sentence: Developing countries have and HDI of 0.50 to 0.60.
Q 3. Answer in brief.
(a) What are the aspects considered in the structure of population?
Ans: The following are the aspects considered in the structure of the population:
• Sex ratio/structure: Sex ratio/structure is a structure that considers the sub division of population on the basis of gender.
• Age structure: Age structure is a structure that considers the sub division of population as per age groups.
• Occupational structure: Occupational structure is a structure that considers sub division of population on the basis of dependency and workability.
• Rural – urban structure: Rural – Urban structure is a structure that considers sub division of population on the basis of area of residence.
• Literacy structure: Literacy structure is a structure that considers sub division of population on the basis of capability of reading and writing.
(b) Prepare a list of advantageous and
disadvantageous factors, affecting population distribution.
Ans: A list of advantageous factors affecting population distribution is as follows:
• Availability of sufficient sunlight, clean air and water.
• Region with low altitude
• Moderate rainfall and temperature
• Fertile soil
• Deposits of minerals
• Industrialisation
• Urbanisation
• Availability of transportation facilities
• Availability of market
• Political stability
• International peace
• Favourable government policies
• Favourable social customs and traditions.
A list of disadvantageous factors affecting population distribution is as follows:
• Shortage of sufficient sunlight, clean air and water.
• Region with high altitude
• Extremely less or more rainfall and temperature
• Infertile soil
• Scarcity of minerals
• Low industrialisation
• Lack of urbanisation
• Non-availability of transportation facilities
• Non-availability of market
• Political instability
• International disputes
• Unfavourable government policies
• Evil social customs and traditions.
(c) What are the problems in areas of high
population densities?
Ans: The problems in areas of high population densities are as follows:
1. Pollution – Pollution is one of the major reasons which people face due to high population density. Due to an increase in land degradation by making houses and flats, land pollution will be caused, water will be contaminated by a huge number of people, resulting in water pollution and huge number of vehicles will cause air pollution.
2. Overcrowded – The areas with high population density become overcrowded, which bring chaos and lack of peace in the society.
3. Lack of open space – High population density makes it difficult to get a free open space.
(d) What are the problems in area of low population densities?
Ans: The development of a country depends upon its size of population. A lower population is
somehow manageable and resources can be distributed equally. But, sometimes the low population leads to lower demands of goods and services and lower tax revenues for the government to provide goods and services.
Q 4. Give Geographical Reasons.
(a) Population is an important resource.
• Ans: The economic and cultural development of any country depends upon the volume and the quality of population.
• If a country has a high volume and less quality of population, it has slow economic growth and development.
• If a country has optimum population with high quality of population, it has fast economic growth and development. Thus, population is an important resource.
(b) Productive population is an important group.
• Ans: People belonging to age group of 16 to 59 age are considered as productive. Therefore this population is called productive population.
• People below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age are considered as dependent or non-working population.
• Productive population/people are involved in services or businesses. Therefore they play very important role in economic
• If country has more proportion of productive population and youth, it develops rapidly. Thus, productive population is an important group.
(c) The study of age structures is important.
Ans: 1. The study of age structure helps to know the percentage of children, adolescents, youth, middle aged, and old aged in population.
2. The study of age structure helps to know the proportion of productive people (Working people between 16 years to 59 years of age) and unproductive people (Non working people below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age).
3. The study of age structure helps government in planning various economic, social, educational, medical, etc. schemes for the overall development of country.
4. The study of age structure helps to know the speed of economic growth. Thus, the study of age structure is important.
(d) Literacy is directly related to development.
• Ans: The country with high literacy rate, develops rapidly in economic, social and cultural aspects.
• The country with low literacy rate, faces many obstacles in its economic, social and cultural growth and development.
• Literacy rate is related to quality of life, the opportunities available and freedom. Thus, literacy is directly related to development.
(e) The real progress of a country is understood with the help of the Human Development Index.
Ans:1. Human Development Index is calculated by taking into account the values of economic, health and education parameters.
2. Thus, Human Development Index is calculated on the basis of Gross National Product, life expectancy and literacy rate.
3. Human Development Index indicates the standard of living, economic and social welfare, quality of life, opportunities available and freedom. Therefore, the real progress of a country is understood with the help of the Human Development Index.
Q 5. Write notes.
(A) Sex ratio
Ans: 1. The number of females per thousand males is called sex ratio.
2. The sex ratio is calculated with the help of the following formula :
3. If the number of females per thousand males is less, the sex ratio is considered to be low. On the other hand, if the number of females per thousand males is more, the sex ratio is considered to be high.
4. According to Census 2011, the sex ratio was highest (1084) in the state of Kerala. According to Census 2011, the sex ratio was 929 in the state of Maharashtra.
5. Out-migration of males leads to high sex ratio in a region from where males have out-migrated. Less female birth rate leads to low sex ratio.
(B) Age Structure
• Ans: Sub division of population as per age groups is known as age structure.
• Age structure is helpful in knowing the proportion of children, adolescents, young, middle aged and old people in population.
• It is also helpful in knowing proportion of active population (Population between the ages 16 and 59) and dependent population (Population below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age).
• Age structure is helpful to the government in framing various policies.
(C) Literacy
Ans: 1. Population above the age of seven can be sub divided on the basis of capability of reading and writing.
2. People above the age of seven and are unable to read and write are considered illiterate. On the other hand, people above the age of seven and are able to read and write are considered literate.
3. High literacy rate is an indicator of social and economic development of society. On the other hand, high illiteracy rate leads to slow economic, social and cultural development of society.
4. Literacy rate is related to quality of life, the opportunities available and freedom. Thus, it is directly related to development
7. Population : Questions and Parents.
Q 1. Complete the following sentences.
(A) If the birth rate is greater than the death rate then the population………..
(i) decreases (ii) increases. (iii) remains constant
(iv) becomes surplus
Ans: increases
(B) People of ……………age group are included in the productive population.
(i) 0 to 14. (ii) 14 to 60. (iii) 15 to 60. (iv) 15 to 59
Ans: 15 to 59
(C) The spread of modern technology in society is mostly dependant on ……
(i) Sex Ratio (ii) Birth Rate (iii) Literacy(iv) Migration
Ans: Migration
Q 2. Examine the following statements and correct
the incorrect ones.
(a) The population density of a region can be
understood from its area.
Ans: Incorrect.
Correct sentence: The population density of a region can be understood from its area and the total volume of population living in it.
(b) The quality of population is determined on the basis of literacy.
Ans: Correct
(c) There is an adverse impact on manpower in
the regions of out migration.
Ans: Correct
(d) Greater economic prosperity indicates the
development of a region.
Ans: Incorrect
Correct sentence: Greater economic prosperity as well as higher standards of living, higher quality of life, availability of opportunities, freedom, etc, indicate the development of region.
(e) Developing countries have an HDI of 1.
Ans: Incorrect.
Correct sentence: Developing countries have and HDI of 0.50 to 0.60.
Q 3. Answer in brief.
(a) What are the aspects considered in the structure of population?
Ans: The following are the aspects considered in the structure of the population:
• Sex ratio/structure: Sex ratio/structure is a structure that considers the sub division of population on the basis of gender.
• Age structure: Age structure is a structure that considers the sub division of population as per age groups.
• Occupational structure: Occupational structure is a structure that considers sub division of population on the basis of dependency and workability.
• Rural – urban structure: Rural – Urban structure is a structure that considers sub division of population on the basis of area of residence.
• Literacy structure: Literacy structure is a structure that considers sub division of population on the basis of capability of reading and writing.
(b) Prepare a list of advantageous and
disadvantageous factors, affecting population distribution.
Ans: A list of advantageous factors affecting population distribution is as follows:
• Availability of sufficient sunlight, clean air and water.
• Region with low altitude
• Moderate rainfall and temperature
• Fertile soil
• Deposits of minerals
• Industrialisation
• Urbanisation
• Availability of transportation facilities
• Availability of market
• Political stability
• International peace
• Favourable government policies
• Favourable social customs and traditions.
A list of disadvantageous factors affecting population distribution is as follows:
• Shortage of sufficient sunlight, clean air and water.
• Region with high altitude
• Extremely less or more rainfall and temperature
• Infertile soil
• Scarcity of minerals
• Low industrialisation
• Lack of urbanisation
• Non-availability of transportation facilities
• Non-availability of market
• Political instability
• International disputes
• Unfavourable government policies
• Evil social customs and traditions.
(c) What are the problems in areas of high
population densities?
Ans: The problems in areas of high population densities are as follows:
1. Pollution – Pollution is one of the major reasons which people face due to high population density. Due to an increase in land degradation by making houses and flats, land pollution will be caused, water will be contaminated by a huge number of people, resulting in water pollution and huge number of vehicles will cause air pollution.
2. Overcrowded – The areas with high population density become overcrowded, which bring chaos and lack of peace in the society.
3. Lack of open space – High population density makes it difficult to get a free open space.
(d) What are the problems in area of low population densities?
Ans: The development of a country depends upon its size of population. A lower population is
somehow manageable and resources can be distributed equally. But, sometimes the low population leads to lower demands of goods and services and lower tax revenues for the government to provide goods and services.
Q 4. Give Geographical Reasons.
(a) Population is an important resource.
• Ans: The economic and cultural development of any country depends upon the volume and the quality of population.
• If a country has a high volume and less quality of population, it has slow economic growth and development.
• If a country has optimum population with high quality of population, it has fast economic growth and development. Thus, population is an important resource.
(b) Productive population is an important group.
• Ans: People belonging to age group of 16 to 59 age are considered as productive. Therefore this population is called productive population.
• People below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age are considered as dependent or non-working population.
• Productive population/people are involved in services or businesses. Therefore they play very important role in economic
• If country has more proportion of productive population and youth, it develops rapidly. Thus, productive population is an important group.
(c) The study of age structures is important.
Ans: 1. The study of age structure helps to know the percentage of children, adolescents, youth, middle aged, and old aged in population.
2. The study of age structure helps to know the proportion of productive people (Working people between 16 years to 59 years of age) and unproductive people (Non working people below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age).
3. The study of age structure helps government in planning various economic, social, educational, medical, etc. schemes for the overall development of country.
4. The study of age structure helps to know the speed of economic growth. Thus, the study of age structure is important.
(d) Literacy is directly related to development.
• Ans: The country with high literacy rate, develops rapidly in economic, social and cultural aspects.
• The country with low literacy rate, faces many obstacles in its economic, social and cultural growth and development.
• Literacy rate is related to quality of life, the opportunities available and freedom. Thus, literacy is directly related to development.
(e) The real progress of a country is understood with the help of the Human Development Index.
Ans:1. Human Development Index is calculated by taking into account the values of economic, health and education parameters.
2. Thus, Human Development Index is calculated on the basis of Gross National Product, life expectancy and literacy rate.
3. Human Development Index indicates the standard of living, economic and social welfare, quality of life, opportunities available and freedom. Therefore, the real progress of a country is understood with the help of the Human Development Index.
Q 5. Write notes.
(A) Sex ratio
Ans: 1. The number of females per thousand males is called sex ratio.
2. The sex ratio is calculated with the help of the following formula :
3. If the number of females per thousand males is less, the sex ratio is considered to be low. On the other hand, if the number of females per thousand males is more, the sex ratio is considered to be high.
4. According to Census 2011, the sex ratio was highest (1084) in the state of Kerala. According to Census 2011, the sex ratio was 929 in the state of Maharashtra.
5. Out-migration of males leads to high sex ratio in a region from where males have out-migrated. Less female birth rate leads to low sex ratio.
(B) Age Structure
• Ans: Sub division of population as per age groups is known as age structure.
• Age structure is helpful in knowing the proportion of children, adolescents, young, middle aged and old people in population.
• It is also helpful in knowing proportion of active population (Population between the ages 16 and 59) and dependent population (Population below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age).
• Age structure is helpful to the government in framing various policies.
(C) Literacy
Ans: 1. Population above the age of seven can be sub divided on the basis of capability of reading and writing.
2. People above the age of seven and are unable to read and write are considered illiterate. On the other hand, people above the age of seven and are able to read and write are considered literate.
3. High literacy rate is an indicator of social and economic development of society. On the other hand, high illiteracy rate leads to slow economic, social and cultural development of society.
4. Literacy rate is related to quality of life, the opportunities available and freedom. Thus, it is directly related to development
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