10th Geography 7.Human Settlement: questions and answers.
7. Urbanisation in Brazil7. Human Settlement: Brazil
7.Human Settlements:India
10th Geo 7.Human Settlement:
Q 1. Tick (ü) the correct options :
(a) The concentration of settlements is related to following major factor
(i) Proximity to Sea
(ii) Plain region
(iii) Availability of water
(iv) Climate
Ans: (iii) Availability of water
(b) In North-eastern part of Brazil, which types of settlements are found?
(i) Nucleated
(ii) Linear
(iii) Dispersed
(iv) Star-shaped
Ans: (iii) Dispersed
(c) Where do you find dispersed settlements in India?
(i) Near the rivers
(ii) Near the transport routes
(iii) Hilly areas
(iv) Industrial regions
Ans: iii) Hilly areas
(d) Concentrated settlements are found in Narmada Valley-
(i) Forested Land
(ii) Cultivable Land
(iii) Undulating topography
(iv) Industries
Ans: ii) Cultivable Land
(e) Which State has the least urbanization in Brazil ?
(i) Para
(ii) Amapa
(iii) Espirito Santo
(iv) Parana
Ans: Para
Q 2. Give geographical reasons:
(a) Availability of water is a major factor affecting settlements.
Ans: (i) Water is a major factor affecting settlements because water is required for survival of living beings, for purposes like drinking, cooking, agriculture, industries, etc.
(ii) Due to availability of water, agriculture and industries flourish, generating employment opportunities and leading to development of settlements.
(iii) Shortage of water will hamper the growth of agriculture and industries which lead to less development of settlements.
(b) In Brazil, majority of population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
Ans:(i) Although the coastal climate is hot and humid, and flat land is limited due to rugged topography, the eastern coast of Brazil has a good water supply and a large range of natural resources.
(ii) The region has rich fertile soil which is most suitable for coffee cultivation..
(iii) The region is rich in minerals like iron ore and has a steady power supply.
(iv) An excellent transportation facility is also available here.
(v) Due to these factors, agriculture, industries and trade flourish and settlements increase.
So, majority of Brazil’s population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
(c) Urbanization is increasing rapidly in India.
Ans:(i) In India, there has been growing industrialisation, leading to availability of jobs in urban areas.
(ii) Urban areas have better facilities and amenities like water supply, electricity, health, education, etc.
(iii) There is increasing migration of people from rural areas to urban areas.
(iv) The urban population is increasing due to the expansion of urban centres and emergence of new towns.
So, urbanisation is increasing rapidly in India.
(d) Settlements are sparse in north-eastern Brazil.
Ans:(i) The north east of Brazil is a Highland.
(ii) As this region lies in a rain shadow region it suffers from droughts.
(iii) Due to scanty rainfall and unavailability of resources, agriculture and industries are not well developed.
(iv) Transport facilities are also very poor here. Therefore, settlements are sparse in north – eastern Brazil.
(e) Except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanization is low in other parts of India.
Ans:(i) Delhi and Chandigarh are union territories lying in the flat Northern Plains of India.
(ii) Delhi is the capital of India and has an ancient history of urbanisation while Chandigarh is one of the most well-planned cities.
(iii) Both Delhi and Chandigarh have good water supply due to river Yamuna and the Bhakra Canal.
(iv) As compared to the other cities in North India, both the cities have well-developed infrastructure, good transport links and other amenities.
(v) Fast developing industries and commercial centres in these places, offer high employment opportunities leading to urbanisation.
Hence, except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanisation is low in other parts of India.
Q 3. Answer in short:
(a) Write a comparative note on urbanisation in Brazil and India.
Ans: (i) Rate of urbanisation in higher in Brazil than in India.
(ii) Growth of urbanisation in India has been slow.
E.g. From 18% in 1961 to 31.2% in 2011.
(iii) Growth of urbanisation in Brazil has been rapid.
E.g. From 47.1% in 1960 to 84.6% in 2010.
(iv) Urbanisation has been more in the southern part than in the Northern part of India.
(v) Urbanisation in Brazil has been more in the coastal states of south and southeast than the states in the interior of the west and north.
(vi) India’s rate of urbanisation has increased continously in a fluctuating rate.
(vii) Brazil’s is rate of urbanisation has increased but in a diminishing rate.
(b) Differentiate between the human settlements in Ganga river basin and the Amazon river basin.
Ans:
(c) Why do human settlements grow in specific locations only?
Ans: Human settlements depend on various factors like climate, availability of water, slope of the land, level of development.
In India, nucleated human settlements are found in the Ganga River Basin because of flat fertile plains, abundance of water, favourable climate and growth of agriculture and industries. Dispersed settlements are found in Himalayan slopes, eastern and southern Rajasthan because of uneven topography, unfavourable climate and lack of development.
In Brazil, nucleated settlements are found in Sao Paulo and southern coast of Brazil, due to nearness to the ocean, fertile soil, availability of natural minerals like iron ore, steady power supply and good transportation system. Dispersed settlements are found in Northern Brazil due to the inaccessible forests in Amazon river basin, unhealthy climate, limitations on use of natural resources drought region and poor transport connectivity.
(a) The concentration of settlements is related to following major factor
(i) Proximity to Sea
(ii) Plain region
(iii) Availability of water
(iv) Climate
Ans: (iii) Availability of water
(b) In North-eastern part of Brazil, which types of settlements are found?
(i) Nucleated
(ii) Linear
(iii) Dispersed
(iv) Star-shaped
Ans: (iii) Dispersed
(c) Where do you find dispersed settlements in India?
(i) Near the rivers
(ii) Near the transport routes
(iii) Hilly areas
(iv) Industrial regions
Ans: iii) Hilly areas
(d) Concentrated settlements are found in Narmada Valley-
(i) Forested Land
(ii) Cultivable Land
(iii) Undulating topography
(iv) Industries
Ans: ii) Cultivable Land
(e) Which State has the least urbanization in Brazil ?
(i) Para
(ii) Amapa
(iii) Espirito Santo
(iv) Parana
Ans: Para
Q 2. Give geographical reasons:
(a) Availability of water is a major factor affecting settlements.
Ans: (i) Water is a major factor affecting settlements because water is required for survival of living beings, for purposes like drinking, cooking, agriculture, industries, etc.
(ii) Due to availability of water, agriculture and industries flourish, generating employment opportunities and leading to development of settlements.
(iii) Shortage of water will hamper the growth of agriculture and industries which lead to less development of settlements.
(b) In Brazil, majority of population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
Ans:(i) Although the coastal climate is hot and humid, and flat land is limited due to rugged topography, the eastern coast of Brazil has a good water supply and a large range of natural resources.
(ii) The region has rich fertile soil which is most suitable for coffee cultivation..
(iii) The region is rich in minerals like iron ore and has a steady power supply.
(iv) An excellent transportation facility is also available here.
(v) Due to these factors, agriculture, industries and trade flourish and settlements increase.
So, majority of Brazil’s population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
(c) Urbanization is increasing rapidly in India.
Ans:(i) In India, there has been growing industrialisation, leading to availability of jobs in urban areas.
(ii) Urban areas have better facilities and amenities like water supply, electricity, health, education, etc.
(iii) There is increasing migration of people from rural areas to urban areas.
(iv) The urban population is increasing due to the expansion of urban centres and emergence of new towns.
So, urbanisation is increasing rapidly in India.
(d) Settlements are sparse in north-eastern Brazil.
Ans:(i) The north east of Brazil is a Highland.
(ii) As this region lies in a rain shadow region it suffers from droughts.
(iii) Due to scanty rainfall and unavailability of resources, agriculture and industries are not well developed.
(iv) Transport facilities are also very poor here. Therefore, settlements are sparse in north – eastern Brazil.
(e) Except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanization is low in other parts of India.
Ans:(i) Delhi and Chandigarh are union territories lying in the flat Northern Plains of India.
(ii) Delhi is the capital of India and has an ancient history of urbanisation while Chandigarh is one of the most well-planned cities.
(iii) Both Delhi and Chandigarh have good water supply due to river Yamuna and the Bhakra Canal.
(iv) As compared to the other cities in North India, both the cities have well-developed infrastructure, good transport links and other amenities.
(v) Fast developing industries and commercial centres in these places, offer high employment opportunities leading to urbanisation.
Hence, except Delhi and Chandigarh, urbanisation is low in other parts of India.
Q 3. Answer in short:
(a) Write a comparative note on urbanisation in Brazil and India.
Ans: (i) Rate of urbanisation in higher in Brazil than in India.
(ii) Growth of urbanisation in India has been slow.
E.g. From 18% in 1961 to 31.2% in 2011.
(iii) Growth of urbanisation in Brazil has been rapid.
E.g. From 47.1% in 1960 to 84.6% in 2010.
(iv) Urbanisation has been more in the southern part than in the Northern part of India.
(v) Urbanisation in Brazil has been more in the coastal states of south and southeast than the states in the interior of the west and north.
(vi) India’s rate of urbanisation has increased continously in a fluctuating rate.
(vii) Brazil’s is rate of urbanisation has increased but in a diminishing rate.
(b) Differentiate between the human settlements in Ganga river basin and the Amazon river basin.
Ans:
(c) Why do human settlements grow in specific locations only?
Ans: Human settlements depend on various factors like climate, availability of water, slope of the land, level of development.
In India, nucleated human settlements are found in the Ganga River Basin because of flat fertile plains, abundance of water, favourable climate and growth of agriculture and industries. Dispersed settlements are found in Himalayan slopes, eastern and southern Rajasthan because of uneven topography, unfavourable climate and lack of development.
In Brazil, nucleated settlements are found in Sao Paulo and southern coast of Brazil, due to nearness to the ocean, fertile soil, availability of natural minerals like iron ore, steady power supply and good transportation system. Dispersed settlements are found in Northern Brazil due to the inaccessible forests in Amazon river basin, unhealthy climate, limitations on use of natural resources drought region and poor transport connectivity.
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