3. Physiography and Drainage: Exercises/ questions and answers
Video Explanation: Drainage of Brazil
Video Explanation: Physiography of Brazil Video Explanation: Physiography of India
1. In which direction does the region with an
altitude of more than 6000m lie in India ?
Ans: In the North and northeastern direction, the region with an altitude of more than 6000m lie in India.
2. Look for the south-flowing river in the
peninsular region. In which river basin does it lie?
Ans: The south-flowing rivers in the Peninsular region are Wardha and Vainganga.These lie in River Godavari Basin.
3. In which direction is the slope of the region
in the north shown in dark green?
Ans: The North Indian Plains are shown in the North shown in dark green and it slope is towards east.
4. Make a list of plateaus located in between
Aravali ranges and Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
Ans: Mewad Plateau, Mewad plateau, Bhagelkhand plateau, Bundelkhand plateau and Malwa plateau are located in between Aravali ranges and Chhota Nagpur.
5. Name the peak shown in the Eastern Ghats
Ans: In the Eastern Ghats Mehendragiri (1600 m) and Malayagiri ( 1187 m) are shown.
6. Which mountains demarcate the deep plains of Brahmaputra?
Ans: The Dafla Hills, Naga Hills, Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills demarcate the deep plains of Brahmaputra.
7. Give the relative location of the Nilgiri
Hills.
Ans: Nilgiri Hills lie at the convergence of western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in the Souther Part of the Deccan plateau.
8. In which direction does the height of the
Sahyadri hills increase?
Ans: The height of the Sahyadri hills increases towards South direction.
9. The Vindhyas act as water divide between
which two river basins?
Ans: The Vindyas acts as water divid in between The Ganga River basin and Narmada River basin.
Q.2.Observe Map and answer the following questions :
1.What is the range of the altitude of Amazon
river basin?
Ans: 0 to 200 m is the range of thw altitude of Amazon river basin.
2. Between which two highlands is the Amazon river basin located?
Ans: The Amazon river basin is located in between Guyana highlands and Brazilian Highlands.
3. Observe the region with the altitude 500 to 1000 metres. Describe the locational extent of this region shown in yellow with reference to direction.
Ans: The locational extent of this region shown in yellow with reference to direction is The Brazilian highlands. It covers most of Eastern and southern part of Brazil.
4. What do the isolated regions shown in yellow indicate?
Ans: The isolated regions shown in yellow indicate Brazilian Highlands or Brazilian Plateau or Brazilian Shield.
5. Besides the Amazon river basin, where else do you find regions with an altitude of less than 200m?
Ans: Besides the Amazon river basin, the regions with an altitude of less than 200m found in Parana - Paraguay river Basin, in Eastern and Northern part of Brazil.
6. Describe the plateau region with height of 200 to 500 m through which tributaries of Amazon flow in your own words.
Ans: This region with height of 200 to 500 m slopes towards north and the slopes are not very steep.
River Xingu flows through this reagion rapidly and forms waterfalls.
EXERCISE / QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q. 1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BY CHOOSING THE RIGHT OPTION:
1. Brazil is covered mainly by.......
1. Highlands.
2. Plains.
3. Mountainous region.
4. Dissected hills.
Ans: Highlands
2. Like Brazil, India too has ......
1. high mountains
2. Ancient plateau
3. West-flowing rivers
4. Snow-capped mountains
Ans: Ancient Plateau
3. The Amazon Basin is mainly.......
1. Characterized by droughts
2. Filles by swamps.
3. Covered by dense forests.
4. Fertile
Ans: covered by dense forests
4. Amazon is a large river in the world. Near its mouth ........
1. Deltaic regions are found.
2. No deltas are found.
3. Deposition of sediments occurs.
4. Fishing is done.
Ans: No deltas are found.
5. The Lakshadweep Islands of Arabian Sea are .. ................
1. Made from the part separated from the mainland.
2. Coral islands
3. Volcanic islands
4. Continental islands
Ans: Coral islands
6. To the foot hills of the Aravalis.........
1. Lies the Bundelkhand Plateau
2. Lies the Mewad Plateau.
3. Lies the Malwa Plateau.
4. Lies the Deccan Plateau.
Ans: Lies the Mewad Plateau.
Q. 2. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Differentiate between the Physiography of Brazil and India.
Ans:
2. What measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers of India?
Ans: To control the pollution in the rivers of India, THe government is taking following measures:
1.Its compulsory to treat the water flowing from Industries. Hence sewage treatment plants are made compulsory for each industry.
2. Under the Center's National River Conservation Plan, money is allotted to clean the rivers for ex. Cleanliness of River Ganga.
3. The sewage water draining from the residential area is also being treated as it increases the pollution of rivers, lakes etc.
4. Disposal of garbage is being done in a scientific way.
5. Various programmes have been started to awaken the people for ex. Swach bharat.
3. Explain the characteristics of the North Indian Plains.
Ans:
• These plains lie in between Himalaya Mountains in the North and the Peninsula in the south.
• It extends from Rajasthan and Punjab in the west to Assam in the east.
• It is mostly a flat low lying area at the altitude of 0 – 150 meters.
1. EASTERN PART/ GANGA PLAINS:
• The part lying to the east of the Aravalis is the basin of the river Ganga and therefore known as Ganga plains.
• Its slope is towards East side.
• Most of the West Bengal State of India & Bangladesh together constitute the delta of Ganga & Brahmaputra system.
• Its known as Sunderban.
2. WESTERN PART:
• The western part of North Indian Plains is occupied by desert.
• It is also know as Thar Desert or Marusthali.
• It is also known as The Great Indian Desert, is a large arid region in the North western part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of 200000 km2 & forms a natural boundary between India & Pakistan.
• Most of Rajasthan is occupied by this desert.
3. PLAINS OF PUNJAB:
• This regon is spread to the west of Aravalis and Delhi ranges.
• To the north of the desert lie the plains of Punjab.
• These plains have formed as a result of the depositional work by river Sutlaj & its tributaries.
• The slope is towards the west.
• Agriculture is largely practised in this region because the soil here is very fertile.
4. What could be the reasons behind the formation of swamps in the extensive continental location of Pantanal?
Ans:
• Pantanal is one of the world’s largest wetland ( land consisting of marshes/
Class 10 Geography
3. Physiography and Drainage
PAGE NO. 14 & 15
Q.1 Observe the map and answer the following questions. (Page no. 14 & 15)
altitude of more than 6000m lie in India ?
Ans: In the North and northeastern direction, the region with an altitude of more than 6000m lie in India.
2. Look for the south-flowing river in the
peninsular region. In which river basin does it lie?
Ans: The south-flowing rivers in the Peninsular region are Wardha and Vainganga.These lie in River Godavari Basin.
3. In which direction is the slope of the region
in the north shown in dark green?
Ans: The North Indian Plains are shown in the North shown in dark green and it slope is towards east.
4. Make a list of plateaus located in between
Aravali ranges and Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
Ans: Mewad Plateau, Mewad plateau, Bhagelkhand plateau, Bundelkhand plateau and Malwa plateau are located in between Aravali ranges and Chhota Nagpur.
5. Name the peak shown in the Eastern Ghats
Ans: In the Eastern Ghats Mehendragiri (1600 m) and Malayagiri ( 1187 m) are shown.
6. Which mountains demarcate the deep plains of Brahmaputra?
Ans: The Dafla Hills, Naga Hills, Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills demarcate the deep plains of Brahmaputra.
7. Give the relative location of the Nilgiri
Hills.
Ans: Nilgiri Hills lie at the convergence of western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in the Souther Part of the Deccan plateau.
8. In which direction does the height of the
Sahyadri hills increase?
Ans: The height of the Sahyadri hills increases towards South direction.
9. The Vindhyas act as water divide between
which two river basins?
Ans: The Vindyas acts as water divid in between The Ganga River basin and Narmada River basin.
Q.2.Observe Map and answer the following questions :
1.What is the range of the altitude of Amazon
river basin?
Ans: 0 to 200 m is the range of thw altitude of Amazon river basin.
2. Between which two highlands is the Amazon river basin located?
Ans: The Amazon river basin is located in between Guyana highlands and Brazilian Highlands.
3. Observe the region with the altitude 500 to 1000 metres. Describe the locational extent of this region shown in yellow with reference to direction.
Ans: The locational extent of this region shown in yellow with reference to direction is The Brazilian highlands. It covers most of Eastern and southern part of Brazil.
4. What do the isolated regions shown in yellow indicate?
Ans: The isolated regions shown in yellow indicate Brazilian Highlands or Brazilian Plateau or Brazilian Shield.
5. Besides the Amazon river basin, where else do you find regions with an altitude of less than 200m?
Ans: Besides the Amazon river basin, the regions with an altitude of less than 200m found in Parana - Paraguay river Basin, in Eastern and Northern part of Brazil.
6. Describe the plateau region with height of 200 to 500 m through which tributaries of Amazon flow in your own words.
Ans: This region with height of 200 to 500 m slopes towards north and the slopes are not very steep.
River Xingu flows through this reagion rapidly and forms waterfalls.
Q. 1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BY CHOOSING THE RIGHT OPTION:
1. Brazil is covered mainly by.......
1. Highlands.
2. Plains.
3. Mountainous region.
4. Dissected hills.
Ans: Highlands
2. Like Brazil, India too has ......
1. high mountains
2. Ancient plateau
3. West-flowing rivers
4. Snow-capped mountains
Ans: Ancient Plateau
3. The Amazon Basin is mainly.......
1. Characterized by droughts
2. Filles by swamps.
3. Covered by dense forests.
4. Fertile
Ans: covered by dense forests
4. Amazon is a large river in the world. Near its mouth ........
1. Deltaic regions are found.
2. No deltas are found.
3. Deposition of sediments occurs.
4. Fishing is done.
Ans: No deltas are found.
5. The Lakshadweep Islands of Arabian Sea are .. ................
1. Made from the part separated from the mainland.
2. Coral islands
3. Volcanic islands
4. Continental islands
Ans: Coral islands
6. To the foot hills of the Aravalis.........
1. Lies the Bundelkhand Plateau
2. Lies the Mewad Plateau.
3. Lies the Malwa Plateau.
4. Lies the Deccan Plateau.
Ans: Lies the Mewad Plateau.
Q. 2. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Differentiate between the Physiography of Brazil and India.
Ans:
2. What measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers of India?
Ans: To control the pollution in the rivers of India, THe government is taking following measures:
1.Its compulsory to treat the water flowing from Industries. Hence sewage treatment plants are made compulsory for each industry.
2. Under the Center's National River Conservation Plan, money is allotted to clean the rivers for ex. Cleanliness of River Ganga.
3. The sewage water draining from the residential area is also being treated as it increases the pollution of rivers, lakes etc.
4. Disposal of garbage is being done in a scientific way.
5. Various programmes have been started to awaken the people for ex. Swach bharat.
3. Explain the characteristics of the North Indian Plains.
Ans:
• These plains lie in between Himalaya Mountains in the North and the Peninsula in the south.
• It extends from Rajasthan and Punjab in the west to Assam in the east.
• It is mostly a flat low lying area at the altitude of 0 – 150 meters.
1. EASTERN PART/ GANGA PLAINS:
• The part lying to the east of the Aravalis is the basin of the river Ganga and therefore known as Ganga plains.
• Its slope is towards East side.
• Most of the West Bengal State of India & Bangladesh together constitute the delta of Ganga & Brahmaputra system.
• Its known as Sunderban.
2. WESTERN PART:
• The western part of North Indian Plains is occupied by desert.
• It is also know as Thar Desert or Marusthali.
• It is also known as The Great Indian Desert, is a large arid region in the North western part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of 200000 km2 & forms a natural boundary between India & Pakistan.
• Most of Rajasthan is occupied by this desert.
3. PLAINS OF PUNJAB:
• This regon is spread to the west of Aravalis and Delhi ranges.
• To the north of the desert lie the plains of Punjab.
• These plains have formed as a result of the depositional work by river Sutlaj & its tributaries.
• The slope is towards the west.
• Agriculture is largely practised in this region because the soil here is very fertile.
4. What could be the reasons behind the formation of swamps in the extensive continental location of Pantanal?
Ans:
• Pantanal is one of the world’s largest wetland ( land consisting of marshes/
swams, saturated land)
• It lies towards the southwest part of the highland areas.
• It is a region of swamps ( A swamp is a forested wetland. Swamps are considered to be transition zone because both land and water play a role in creating this environment. Swams are vary in size and are located all around the world. The water of a swamp may be fresh water, brackish water or sea water) and marshes in north western Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil and it extends in to Argentina too.
• Water from the Pantanal highlands flows into the gradually sloped, large depression of Pantanal. From there, the water flows out as the Paraguay river & its tributaries. The Pantanal forms a vast swamps area as a result of deposits from the several rivers and water systems flowing in to it.
5. Which are the major water divides of India give examples?
Ans:
1. Western Ghats:
• Its divided into east-flowing meeting the Bay of Bengal and west-flowing meeting the Arabian Sea.
• The western Ghats are called water divide in Peninsula.
• The western Ghats are called a water divide because they act as a divide between the west flowing rivers meeting the Arabian sea and east flowing rivers meeting the Bay of Bengal.
2. Aravali Range:
• Another noteworthy river forming the catchment of Arabian Sea is River Luni.
• It originates along the western slopes of Aravali range and flows in somewhat northeast to southwest direction and flows into Gulf of Kutchch.
3. Vindya Range:
• It divides Ganga Drainage basin and River Narmada valley.
4. Satpuda Range:
• It divides Narmada river valley and Tapi river Valley.
5. Himalayas:
• It acts as a water divide.It separates rivers flowing in Himalayan river system and trans Himalaya.
Q. 3 WRITE NOTES ON
1. Amazon River basin
Ans:
AMAZON BASIN:
1. Size of catchment area ( the area from which rainfall flows into river, lake or reservoir) of Amazon river is 70,50,00 sq.km.
2. It collects it headwaters ( a trubutary stream of a river close to or forming part of its source) from the eastern slopes of Andes Mountain in Peru.
3. Amazon river receives huge discharge (River discharge is the volume of water flowing through a river channel;measured at any given point in cubic meters per second)Its about 2 lakhs m3/S.
4. The result of huge water discharge is Amazon cleans, removes or washes off the load supplied to it doesn't deposit and sediments at the river mouth.
5. Generally, a dense network of distributaries ( a branch of river that doesn't return to the main stream after leaving it. ( as in delta) dound at the mouth of river but such distributaries are not found at the mouth of Amazon.
6. Instead of it, a series of islands developed/ formed along the mouth of Amazon beyond the coast line into the Atlantic Ocean.
7. The width of Amazon channel at its mouth is 150 km.
8. Most of the course ( the route/ direction followed by ships or river) is suitable for navigation.
2. Himalayas :
Ans:
The Himalayas:
1. The young fold mountain.
The extend of Himalayas:
• Extend from Pamir Knot in Tajikistan to the east.
• It stretches across the Northeastern portion of India.( From Jammu-Kashmir to Aruna chal Pradesh.)
• It covers approximately 2400 km and pass through the nation’s of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Bhutan and Nepal.
• Parallel Ranges: It is not a single mountain but it is a series of range of mountains.
1. Transhimalayan ranges to the North.
• Consists of the highest mountains above 6000 metres and mostly snow capped.
• It is a 1600km mountain range.
• It includes Karakoram range, Ladhak range etc.
2. The Greater Himalaya/ Humadri:
• The highest mountain range.
• The world’s highest peak, Mount Everest (8848 m, Nepal) as well as the highest peaks such as Kanchenjunga, Lhotse and Nanga Parbat are the part of the Greater Himalaya.
• Average elevation is 6000 m.
• Consists of Glacier; Gangotri glacier Satopanth Glacier.
3.Lesser Himalayas:
• It is also called the Inner Himalayas or Lesser Himalayas or Himachal with 3700 to 4500 m .
• The Himachal range also parallels the lower Shiwalik or Churia Range to the south.
• The Pir Panjal is the largest range of the lesser Himalayas.
Shiwaliks:
• It stretches from the Indus River about 2400 km eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning across the northern parts of the Indian Sub Continent.
• It is 10 – 50 km wide with an average elevation of 1500-2000m.
• Sivalik literally means ‘tresses of Shiva’. ( A long lock of a woman’s hair)
• These ranges are young to old respectively.
3. The coasts of Brazil
Ans: It has a coastline of about 7400 km.
• It is divided in to two parts namely Northern and eastern coasts.
• The northern coast extends from Amapa province in
the north to Rio Grande do Norte in the east.
• This is called as the North Atlantic Coast.
• The eastern coast extends towards the south.
• The Northern Coast is characterized by Mouths of many rivers including Amazon.
• On this coast lie the Marajo island and Sao Marcos Bays.
• Marajo is a large coast island located between the mouths of River Amazon and River Tocantins.
• The eastern coast receives large number of smaller rivers.
• The only major river which meets the Atlantic ocean here is Sao Francisco.
• The Brazilian coast is characterized by a large number of beaches and sand dune (bank) complexes.
• The Brazilian coast is protected in some area by coral reef.
4. The Indian Peninsula
Ans: The Indian Peninsula lies to the
South of North Indian Plains and narrower/
tapering towards the Indian Ocean is called
Indian peninsula.
• It consists of many plateaus ( fairly level land/tableland) and hill ranges.
• The large Deccan Plateau in southern India islocated between the Western Ghats and the
Eastern Ghats & loosely defined as the
peninsular region between these ranges that issouth of the Narmada river.
• To the north, it is bounded by the Satpuda
and Vindhya Ranges.
5. The great Escarpment
Ans: It occupies a very small area.
• But the nature of its slope and the effect it has on the Climate makes a separate physiographic region.
• Because of the escarpment, the eastern side of the highlands is demarcated/ separated.
• The altitude of the escarpment is 790m.
• The height decreases in some regions.
• It is very steep from Sao Paulo to Porto Alegre.
• The escarpment acts as a barrier to the southeast Trade winds giving rise to the rain shadow area in the north-eastern part of the highlands.
Q. 4. WRITE GEOGRAPHICAL REASONS.
1. There are no west flowing rivers in Brazil.
Ans:
• A number of rivers take off from the terminal portion of the highlands and flow northwards to meet Atlantic Ocean.
• Major rivers like Uruguay, Paraguay and Parana from the Southern slopes of highlands and enter Argentina.
• Its slope towards the east is steep and it appears in the form of an escarpment.
• Hence there is no weat flowing rivers in Brazil.
2.There are dissimilarities between the eastern and western coasts of India.
Ans: Following are the dissimilarities between the eastern and western coasts of India.
• The western coast borders Arabian sea and the eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal.
• The western coast is narrower than the eastern coast.
• The western coast is rocky one but the eastern coast is formed due to depositional work of rivers.
• The rivers that originate from western ghats are short and swift and hence form estuaries,not deltas at its mouth but the eastern ghats have gentle slope and low speed of rivers so forms deltas due to depositional work.
3. There are fewer natural ports on the eastern coast of India.
Ans:
4. As compared to Amazon, pollution in river Ganga will affect human life greatly.
Q.5 IDENTIFY THE CORRECT GROUP
1. The order of physiographic units in Brazil while going from North-West to South-East.
1. Parana River Basin - Guyana Highlands - Brazilian highlands
2. Guyana highlands- Amazon river basin - Brazilian Highlands
3. Coastal plains- Amazon river basin - Brazilian highlands
• It lies towards the southwest part of the highland areas.
• It is a region of swamps ( A swamp is a forested wetland. Swamps are considered to be transition zone because both land and water play a role in creating this environment. Swams are vary in size and are located all around the world. The water of a swamp may be fresh water, brackish water or sea water) and marshes in north western Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil and it extends in to Argentina too.
• Water from the Pantanal highlands flows into the gradually sloped, large depression of Pantanal. From there, the water flows out as the Paraguay river & its tributaries. The Pantanal forms a vast swamps area as a result of deposits from the several rivers and water systems flowing in to it.
5. Which are the major water divides of India give examples?
Ans:
1. Western Ghats:
• Its divided into east-flowing meeting the Bay of Bengal and west-flowing meeting the Arabian Sea.
• The western Ghats are called water divide in Peninsula.
• The western Ghats are called a water divide because they act as a divide between the west flowing rivers meeting the Arabian sea and east flowing rivers meeting the Bay of Bengal.
2. Aravali Range:
• Another noteworthy river forming the catchment of Arabian Sea is River Luni.
• It originates along the western slopes of Aravali range and flows in somewhat northeast to southwest direction and flows into Gulf of Kutchch.
3. Vindya Range:
• It divides Ganga Drainage basin and River Narmada valley.
4. Satpuda Range:
• It divides Narmada river valley and Tapi river Valley.
5. Himalayas:
• It acts as a water divide.It separates rivers flowing in Himalayan river system and trans Himalaya.
Q. 3 WRITE NOTES ON
1. Amazon River basin
Ans:
AMAZON BASIN:
1. Size of catchment area ( the area from which rainfall flows into river, lake or reservoir) of Amazon river is 70,50,00 sq.km.
2. It collects it headwaters ( a trubutary stream of a river close to or forming part of its source) from the eastern slopes of Andes Mountain in Peru.
3. Amazon river receives huge discharge (River discharge is the volume of water flowing through a river channel;measured at any given point in cubic meters per second)Its about 2 lakhs m3/S.
4. The result of huge water discharge is Amazon cleans, removes or washes off the load supplied to it doesn't deposit and sediments at the river mouth.
5. Generally, a dense network of distributaries ( a branch of river that doesn't return to the main stream after leaving it. ( as in delta) dound at the mouth of river but such distributaries are not found at the mouth of Amazon.
6. Instead of it, a series of islands developed/ formed along the mouth of Amazon beyond the coast line into the Atlantic Ocean.
7. The width of Amazon channel at its mouth is 150 km.
8. Most of the course ( the route/ direction followed by ships or river) is suitable for navigation.
2. Himalayas :
Ans:
The Himalayas:
1. The young fold mountain.
The extend of Himalayas:
• Extend from Pamir Knot in Tajikistan to the east.
• It stretches across the Northeastern portion of India.( From Jammu-Kashmir to Aruna chal Pradesh.)
• It covers approximately 2400 km and pass through the nation’s of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Bhutan and Nepal.
• Parallel Ranges: It is not a single mountain but it is a series of range of mountains.
1. Transhimalayan ranges to the North.
• Consists of the highest mountains above 6000 metres and mostly snow capped.
• It is a 1600km mountain range.
• It includes Karakoram range, Ladhak range etc.
2. The Greater Himalaya/ Humadri:
• The highest mountain range.
• The world’s highest peak, Mount Everest (8848 m, Nepal) as well as the highest peaks such as Kanchenjunga, Lhotse and Nanga Parbat are the part of the Greater Himalaya.
• Average elevation is 6000 m.
• Consists of Glacier; Gangotri glacier Satopanth Glacier.
3.Lesser Himalayas:
• It is also called the Inner Himalayas or Lesser Himalayas or Himachal with 3700 to 4500 m .
• The Himachal range also parallels the lower Shiwalik or Churia Range to the south.
• The Pir Panjal is the largest range of the lesser Himalayas.
Shiwaliks:
• It stretches from the Indus River about 2400 km eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning across the northern parts of the Indian Sub Continent.
• It is 10 – 50 km wide with an average elevation of 1500-2000m.
• Sivalik literally means ‘tresses of Shiva’. ( A long lock of a woman’s hair)
• These ranges are young to old respectively.
3. The coasts of Brazil
Ans: It has a coastline of about 7400 km.
• It is divided in to two parts namely Northern and eastern coasts.
• The northern coast extends from Amapa province in
the north to Rio Grande do Norte in the east.
• This is called as the North Atlantic Coast.
• The eastern coast extends towards the south.
• The Northern Coast is characterized by Mouths of many rivers including Amazon.
• On this coast lie the Marajo island and Sao Marcos Bays.
• Marajo is a large coast island located between the mouths of River Amazon and River Tocantins.
• The eastern coast receives large number of smaller rivers.
• The only major river which meets the Atlantic ocean here is Sao Francisco.
• The Brazilian coast is characterized by a large number of beaches and sand dune (bank) complexes.
• The Brazilian coast is protected in some area by coral reef.
4. The Indian Peninsula
Ans: The Indian Peninsula lies to the
South of North Indian Plains and narrower/
tapering towards the Indian Ocean is called
Indian peninsula.
• It consists of many plateaus ( fairly level land/tableland) and hill ranges.
• The large Deccan Plateau in southern India islocated between the Western Ghats and the
Eastern Ghats & loosely defined as the
peninsular region between these ranges that issouth of the Narmada river.
• To the north, it is bounded by the Satpuda
and Vindhya Ranges.
5. The great Escarpment
Ans: It occupies a very small area.
• But the nature of its slope and the effect it has on the Climate makes a separate physiographic region.
• Because of the escarpment, the eastern side of the highlands is demarcated/ separated.
• The altitude of the escarpment is 790m.
• The height decreases in some regions.
• It is very steep from Sao Paulo to Porto Alegre.
• The escarpment acts as a barrier to the southeast Trade winds giving rise to the rain shadow area in the north-eastern part of the highlands.
Q. 4. WRITE GEOGRAPHICAL REASONS.
1. There are no west flowing rivers in Brazil.
Ans:
• A number of rivers take off from the terminal portion of the highlands and flow northwards to meet Atlantic Ocean.
• Major rivers like Uruguay, Paraguay and Parana from the Southern slopes of highlands and enter Argentina.
• Its slope towards the east is steep and it appears in the form of an escarpment.
• Hence there is no weat flowing rivers in Brazil.
2.There are dissimilarities between the eastern and western coasts of India.
Ans: Following are the dissimilarities between the eastern and western coasts of India.
• The western coast borders Arabian sea and the eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal.
• The western coast is narrower than the eastern coast.
• The western coast is rocky one but the eastern coast is formed due to depositional work of rivers.
• The rivers that originate from western ghats are short and swift and hence form estuaries,not deltas at its mouth but the eastern ghats have gentle slope and low speed of rivers so forms deltas due to depositional work.
3. There are fewer natural ports on the eastern coast of India.
Ans:
4. As compared to Amazon, pollution in river Ganga will affect human life greatly.
Q.5 IDENTIFY THE CORRECT GROUP
1. The order of physiographic units in Brazil while going from North-West to South-East.
1. Parana River Basin - Guyana Highlands - Brazilian highlands
2. Guyana highlands- Amazon river basin - Brazilian Highlands
3. Coastal plains- Amazon river basin - Brazilian highlands
Ans: 2.Guyana highlands- Amazon river basin - Brazilian Highlands
2. These rivers of Brazil are north-flowing.
1. Juruka - Xingu - Aragua
2. Negro - Branco - Paru
3. Japura - Jarua - Purus
2. These rivers of Brazil are north-flowing.
1. Juruka - Xingu - Aragua
2. Negro - Branco - Paru
3. Japura - Jarua - Purus
Ans: 1. Juruka - Xingu - Aragua
3. The order of plateaus of India from south to north.
1. Karnataka- Maharashtra- Bundelkhand
2. Chhota nagpur - Malwa - Marwad
3. Telangana - Maharashtra- marwad
3. The order of plateaus of India from south to north.
1. Karnataka- Maharashtra- Bundelkhand
2. Chhota nagpur - Malwa - Marwad
3. Telangana - Maharashtra- marwad
Ans: 1. Karnataka- Maharashtra- Bundelkhand
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