2. Location and extent / Class 10 Geography/ Maharashtra Board
VIDEO Explanation: Location and extentLocation and extentClass 10 Subject: Geography
Lesson no. 2. Location and Extent
Lesson no. 2. Location and Extent
With the help of following hints given below the two flags, identify the countries.
Clues-
INDIA:
Name of the Country: Republic of India
Why does India is called a republic country?
• India is called a Republic as the representatives are elected by the people of the country.
• The representatives elected by citizens have power to take divisions on pur behalf.
• In India there exist an elected head of state i.e. President.
• Name of the capital of India: New Delhi.
LOCATION, EXTENT AND BOUNDARIES:
• India is located in the northern and eastern hemisphere of the Earth.
• It is located in the Southern part of the Asian Continent.
• Asia is the Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern hemisphere.
• India is situated north of the Equator between 8°4' N to 37°6' N latitude and 68°7' E to 97° 25' E Longitude.
• It is the seventh largest country in the world, with a total area of 3,28,7,263 square kilometers (1,269,219 mi)
• Indira point is the Southern most tip of India.
• It is located on 6°45'N parallel.
NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES AND OCEANS OF INDIA:
1) EAST: 1. Myanmar 2. Bangladesh
🌊🌊Bay of Bengal
2) NORTH: 3. China 4. Nepal 5. Bhutan
3) WEST : 6. Pakistan 7. Afganistan
🌊🌊Arabian Sea
4) SOUTH: 8. Sri Lanka 9. Maldives
🌊🌊Indian Ocean
• India has a land frontier of 15,106.7 km
• The total length of the coastline of India is 7516.6 km
• India shares its border ( land frontier)with seven countries namely Afganistan, Pakistan, China, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, (two Maritime borders)Maldives and Sri Lanka (Maritime border).
BRAZIL:
Name of The country: Federative Republic of Brazil.
What is Federative Republic?
• A federal republic is a federation of states with a Republican form of government.
• A division of powers exists between the federal government and the government of the individual sub-divisions.
• Name of the capital: Brasilia
( the city is located at the top of Brazilian highlands in the country's central-west region).
Brasilia is estimated to be Brazil's third most populous city.
LOCATION, EXTENT AND BOUNDARIES:
• Brazil is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
• Brazil is the world's fifth largest country by area and sixth most populous.
• The federation is composed of the Union of the 26 States and the federal District.
• Official language is Portuguese.
• Some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere while most it lies in the southern hemisphere.
• Also it lies in the western hemisphere in the northern part of south America Continent.
EXTENT OF MAINLAND BRAZIL:
• 5° 15' N to 33°45' S latitude
• 34°47' W to 73°48' W Longitude
• Brazil is the longes country in the world, spanning 4395 km from north to south.
• Brazil is also the only country in the world that has the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn running through it.
NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES AND OCEANS:
• Brazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America and includes much of the continent's interior, sharing land borders with
1. Uraguay to the South,
2. Argentina 3. Paraguay to the Southwest,
4.Bolivia 5. Peru to the West ,
6. Colombia to the Northwest.
7. Venezuela 8. Guyana 9. Suriname, 10. France to the North.
• It shares a border with every south American country except Ecuador and Chile.
OCEANS:
🌊• North Atlantic Ocean: north & Northeast
🌊• South Atlantic Ocean: South & southeast
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INDIA:
1. Invasion of Arab in the 11th century.
• Muhammad-Bin-Kasim attacked India in 711AD.
• Mahmud invaded India 17 times in 1000AD.
• The invasion of Turkish Rule in India. Muhammad Ghur first attacked Multan in 1175 AD.
• The Mongal Invasion during the Reign of Tughlaq Dynasty (1327 AD)
• The Mughal Empire: The foundation of Modern India began being laid in the 12th century by Mughals.
• The Mughal Empire lasted 300 years and included Akbar the Great in the 16th century, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangjeb in the 17th century.
• Persian: on and off, India has been invaded by other peoples.
• In 1739 the country was once again plundered by Persians, who did not stay and occupy the land, but took great riches back with them.
• European colonization:
• Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama 1460 - 1524 visited calicut on the Southern part of India's west coast in 1498.
• Portuguese were the first Europeans to begin colonizing India, by taking the city of Goa also on the west coast by force 1510.
• From the 16th century on, multiple European colonies were established in India.
• British, French, Danish and Dutch all of whom opened many trading stations in the coastal regions.
BRITISH INDIA:
• The British takeover of India was a slow process, intiated through trade with the British East India Company.
• With the Royal Navy and soldiers they gradually conquered more and more of the country.
• India was under the British Rule for almost one and half century.
• India got independence in year1947.
• Despite of facing several problems like three wars [1. Kashmir war of 1947 - 47, 2. India - China war of 1962, India Pakistan war of 1965, India Pakistan war of 1971, Kargil war 1999 etc.]
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BRAZIL:
• For more than 3 centuries, Brazil was under Portuguese rule.
• Brazil gained its independence in 7 th September 1822.
• From 1930 to 1985, for more than a half century, it was under a populist military government.
• It has overcome global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.
• Brazil is seen as a contributor to economic growth of the world and an important market in the future.
EXERCISE:
Q. 1: Are the sentences right or wrong ? Rewrite the wrong ones.
a. Brazil is mailny located in the Southern Hemisphere.
Ans: True
b. Tropic of Capricorn passes through the middle of India.
Ans: Wrong
c. The Longitudinal extent of Brazil is less than India.
Ans: Wrong
d. Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil.
Ans: True
e. Brazil has a coastline alon the Pacific Ocean.
Ans: Wrong
f. Pakistan is a neighboring country to the south east of India.
Ans: Wrong
g. The southern part of India is called peninsula.
Ans: True
Q. 2. Answer in brief.
a. What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
Ans: After independence Brazil faced the global financial difficulties as well as it was under a populist military Government.
India also faced several problems after independence. India faced problems such as 3 wars, famine situations in various parts of country etc.
b. How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location?
Ans: Brazil and India are different from each other in terms of location as fallows:
1. India is located above Equator in Northern and eastern hemispheres.
2. Tropic of Cancer passes through the mid of India.
3. Brazil is located in Northern, Southern and Western hemispheres.
4. Equator and Tropic of Capricorn pass through Brazil.
c. Describe the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India and Brazil.
Ans: India is situated north of the Equator between 8° 4' N to 37° 6' N latitude and 68°7' E to 97° 25' E Longitude.
The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of Brazil is;
• 5° 15' N to 33°45' S latitudes
• 34°47' W to 73°48' W Longitudes
Q. 3. Select the correct option
a. India's southernmost point is known as:
1. Lakshadweep 2. Kanyakumari. 3. Indira point 4. Port Blair
Ans: India Point
b. These two countries in South America do not share their border with Brazil.
1. Chile - Ecuadar 2. Argentina- Bolivia
3. Columbia-Uruguay 4. Surinam- Uruguay
Ans: Chile - Ecuadar
C. Both the countries have .......... type of government.
1. Military 2. Communist 3. Republic 4.Presidential
Ans: Republic
Clues-
1. The second largest populated country in
the world-
• India is the second largest populated country in the world.
• Estimate population is 1.38 billion.
• China is the 1st largest populated country in the world. ( 1.4 billion)
• 1st China, 2nd India, 3rd US, 4th Indonesia, 5th Pakistan and 6th Brazil.
• India is the seventh largest country by area.
2. Famous for spices in the world-
• India is famous for spices in the world.
• A variety of spices grown across the Indian subcontinent.
• With different climates in different parts of the country,India produces a variety of spices, many of which are native to the subcontinent.
• Pepper, turmeric, cardamom and cumin are some examples of Indian spices.
3. Cricket is a popular sport here
• Cricket is the popular sports in India.
Brazil:
1. Famous for Samba dance-
• It is famous for Sambhaji dance.
• Sambhaji, ballroom dance of Brazilian origin, popularized in western Europe and the United States in the early 1940s.(Characterised by simple forward backward steps and tilting, rocking body movement)
2. Known as the ‘coffee pot’ of the world-
• Brazil is well known as the 'Coffee Pot' of the world.
• It is the leading producer and exporter of coffee in the world.
• A position that the country has held since the last hundred and fifty years.
• Thus, it is known as the coffee pot of the world.
3. Football is a very popular sport here-
• Football is a very popular sport here in Brazil.
• World cup- 9 times champions of football world cup.
the world-
• India is the second largest populated country in the world.
• Estimate population is 1.38 billion.
• China is the 1st largest populated country in the world. ( 1.4 billion)
• 1st China, 2nd India, 3rd US, 4th Indonesia, 5th Pakistan and 6th Brazil.
• India is the seventh largest country by area.
2. Famous for spices in the world-
• India is famous for spices in the world.
• A variety of spices grown across the Indian subcontinent.
• With different climates in different parts of the country,India produces a variety of spices, many of which are native to the subcontinent.
• Pepper, turmeric, cardamom and cumin are some examples of Indian spices.
3. Cricket is a popular sport here
• Cricket is the popular sports in India.
Brazil:
1. Famous for Samba dance-
• It is famous for Sambhaji dance.
• Sambhaji, ballroom dance of Brazilian origin, popularized in western Europe and the United States in the early 1940s.(Characterised by simple forward backward steps and tilting, rocking body movement)
2. Known as the ‘coffee pot’ of the world-
• Brazil is well known as the 'Coffee Pot' of the world.
• It is the leading producer and exporter of coffee in the world.
• A position that the country has held since the last hundred and fifty years.
• Thus, it is known as the coffee pot of the world.
3. Football is a very popular sport here-
• Football is a very popular sport here in Brazil.
• World cup- 9 times champions of football world cup.
INDIA:
Name of the Country: Republic of India
Why does India is called a republic country?
• India is called a Republic as the representatives are elected by the people of the country.
• The representatives elected by citizens have power to take divisions on pur behalf.
• In India there exist an elected head of state i.e. President.
• Name of the capital of India: New Delhi.
LOCATION, EXTENT AND BOUNDARIES:
• India is located in the northern and eastern hemisphere of the Earth.
• It is located in the Southern part of the Asian Continent.
• Asia is the Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern hemisphere.
• India is situated north of the Equator between 8°4' N to 37°6' N latitude and 68°7' E to 97° 25' E Longitude.
• It is the seventh largest country in the world, with a total area of 3,28,7,263 square kilometers (1,269,219 mi)
• Indira point is the Southern most tip of India.
• It is located on 6°45'N parallel.
NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES AND OCEANS OF INDIA:
1) EAST: 1. Myanmar 2. Bangladesh
🌊🌊Bay of Bengal
2) NORTH: 3. China 4. Nepal 5. Bhutan
3) WEST : 6. Pakistan 7. Afganistan
🌊🌊Arabian Sea
4) SOUTH: 8. Sri Lanka 9. Maldives
🌊🌊Indian Ocean
• India has a land frontier of 15,106.7 km
• The total length of the coastline of India is 7516.6 km
• India shares its border ( land frontier)with seven countries namely Afganistan, Pakistan, China, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, (two Maritime borders)Maldives and Sri Lanka (Maritime border).
BRAZIL:
Name of The country: Federative Republic of Brazil.
What is Federative Republic?
• A federal republic is a federation of states with a Republican form of government.
• A division of powers exists between the federal government and the government of the individual sub-divisions.
• Name of the capital: Brasilia
( the city is located at the top of Brazilian highlands in the country's central-west region).
Brasilia is estimated to be Brazil's third most populous city.
LOCATION, EXTENT AND BOUNDARIES:
• Brazil is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
• Brazil is the world's fifth largest country by area and sixth most populous.
• The federation is composed of the Union of the 26 States and the federal District.
• Official language is Portuguese.
• Some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere while most it lies in the southern hemisphere.
• Also it lies in the western hemisphere in the northern part of south America Continent.
EXTENT OF MAINLAND BRAZIL:
• 5° 15' N to 33°45' S latitude
• 34°47' W to 73°48' W Longitude
• Brazil is the longes country in the world, spanning 4395 km from north to south.
• Brazil is also the only country in the world that has the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn running through it.
NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES AND OCEANS:
• Brazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America and includes much of the continent's interior, sharing land borders with
1. Uraguay to the South,
2. Argentina 3. Paraguay to the Southwest,
4.Bolivia 5. Peru to the West ,
6. Colombia to the Northwest.
7. Venezuela 8. Guyana 9. Suriname, 10. France to the North.
• It shares a border with every south American country except Ecuador and Chile.
OCEANS:
🌊• North Atlantic Ocean: north & Northeast
🌊• South Atlantic Ocean: South & southeast
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INDIA:
1. Invasion of Arab in the 11th century.
• Muhammad-Bin-Kasim attacked India in 711AD.
• Mahmud invaded India 17 times in 1000AD.
• The invasion of Turkish Rule in India. Muhammad Ghur first attacked Multan in 1175 AD.
• The Mongal Invasion during the Reign of Tughlaq Dynasty (1327 AD)
• The Mughal Empire: The foundation of Modern India began being laid in the 12th century by Mughals.
• The Mughal Empire lasted 300 years and included Akbar the Great in the 16th century, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangjeb in the 17th century.
• Persian: on and off, India has been invaded by other peoples.
• In 1739 the country was once again plundered by Persians, who did not stay and occupy the land, but took great riches back with them.
• European colonization:
• Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama 1460 - 1524 visited calicut on the Southern part of India's west coast in 1498.
• Portuguese were the first Europeans to begin colonizing India, by taking the city of Goa also on the west coast by force 1510.
• From the 16th century on, multiple European colonies were established in India.
• British, French, Danish and Dutch all of whom opened many trading stations in the coastal regions.
BRITISH INDIA:
• The British takeover of India was a slow process, intiated through trade with the British East India Company.
• With the Royal Navy and soldiers they gradually conquered more and more of the country.
• India was under the British Rule for almost one and half century.
• India got independence in year1947.
• Despite of facing several problems like three wars [1. Kashmir war of 1947 - 47, 2. India - China war of 1962, India Pakistan war of 1965, India Pakistan war of 1971, Kargil war 1999 etc.]
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BRAZIL:
• For more than 3 centuries, Brazil was under Portuguese rule.
• Brazil gained its independence in 7 th September 1822.
• From 1930 to 1985, for more than a half century, it was under a populist military government.
• It has overcome global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.
• Brazil is seen as a contributor to economic growth of the world and an important market in the future.
EXERCISE:
Q. 1: Are the sentences right or wrong ? Rewrite the wrong ones.
a. Brazil is mailny located in the Southern Hemisphere.
Ans: True
b. Tropic of Capricorn passes through the middle of India.
Ans: Wrong
c. The Longitudinal extent of Brazil is less than India.
Ans: Wrong
d. Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil.
Ans: True
e. Brazil has a coastline alon the Pacific Ocean.
Ans: Wrong
f. Pakistan is a neighboring country to the south east of India.
Ans: Wrong
g. The southern part of India is called peninsula.
Ans: True
Q. 2. Answer in brief.
a. What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
Ans: After independence Brazil faced the global financial difficulties as well as it was under a populist military Government.
India also faced several problems after independence. India faced problems such as 3 wars, famine situations in various parts of country etc.
b. How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location?
Ans: Brazil and India are different from each other in terms of location as fallows:
1. India is located above Equator in Northern and eastern hemispheres.
2. Tropic of Cancer passes through the mid of India.
3. Brazil is located in Northern, Southern and Western hemispheres.
4. Equator and Tropic of Capricorn pass through Brazil.
c. Describe the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India and Brazil.
Ans: India is situated north of the Equator between 8° 4' N to 37° 6' N latitude and 68°7' E to 97° 25' E Longitude.
The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of Brazil is;
• 5° 15' N to 33°45' S latitudes
• 34°47' W to 73°48' W Longitudes
Q. 3. Select the correct option
a. India's southernmost point is known as:
1. Lakshadweep 2. Kanyakumari. 3. Indira point 4. Port Blair
Ans: India Point
b. These two countries in South America do not share their border with Brazil.
1. Chile - Ecuadar 2. Argentina- Bolivia
3. Columbia-Uruguay 4. Surinam- Uruguay
Ans: Chile - Ecuadar
C. Both the countries have .......... type of government.
1. Military 2. Communist 3. Republic 4.Presidential
Ans: Republic
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