1. The Indian Subcontinent and History
Std. 6 History & Civics
1.Indian Subcontinent & History [ Notes]
Meaning:
1. Subcontinent: a large distinguishable part of a continent (7 continents: Asia, Africa, Europe & Australia) such as North America or the part of Asia containing India, Pakistan & Bangladesh.
1.1 Geographical Conditions and the course of History:
[ ] There is a close relationship between man & his environment.
[ ] The changes in the lifestyle of the early man & his technology were related to the changes in his surroundings.
[ ] History of human civilization from stone age to the agriculture Civilization that flourished on the banks of rivers.
[ ] What is History?
[ ] A coherent account of the significant past events in the progress of human culture.
[ ] Time, place, society and individuals are the four pillars of History. We can't write History without them.
[ ] Of these four components 'place' is related to geography or geographical conditions.
[ ] In this sense, History and geography are inseparable.
[ ] History is influenced by Geographical conditions in many ways.
[ ] Our diet, clothing, housing, occupation in fact, all human life in any region depends to a large extents on its geographical characteristics.
[ ] For ex. The life of the people in hilly regions is more strenuous/ hard than the people on the plains ( a large area of flat land with few trees it is available on a large scale.
[ ] There is scares of grains & vegetables in the hilly region.
[ ] People on the plains get on the diet of the people.
[ ] People on the hilly region depend more on hunting and gathering for their food.
[ ] Other such differences can be seen.
[ ] Sources of livelihood: The climate, rainfall, agricultural produce, flora (plants)& funa (flowers)
[ ] Climate: the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period or a region with a particular climate.
[ ] The culture and lifestyle of a region develops with their support only.
[ ] Human settlements had flourished wherever the means of livelihood are plentiful.
[ ] Over a period of time these settlements develop further into villages and towns.
[ ] But sometimes reasons like the degradation of environment, drought, invasions lead to the scarcity of those means.
[ ] Degradation: the condition or process of degrading or being degraded/ breakdown.
[ ] Drought: a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
[ ] Invasion: an instance of invading a country or region with an armed force.( Alexander the great invaded India in 327 BC).Muhmud Ghazni during his rule, he invaded and plundered the richest cities and temple towns such as Mathura and Somnath, in Medieval India Seventeen times and used the booty ( a slang term for valuable stolen goods) to build his capital in Ghazni.
[ ] People are forced to leave their settlements.
[ ] Villages and towns become deserted.
[ ] We seen many such instances in History.
[ ] Thus we see a very close relation ship between History and Geography.
1.2 Geographical Features of India:
• Our country India ectrnds far and wide.
• India is situated North of the equator between 8°4' North to 37°6' North latitude and 68°7' East to 97°25' East longi6.
• It is the seventh largest country in the world with total area of 3,287,263 square kilometers
• India measures 3214 km from North to South and 2933 km from east to west.
• It has a land frontier of 15200 km and a coastal line of 7516.6 km
• At its north lie the Himalayas;
• To the east, the Bay of Bengal;
• To the west, the Arabian Sea; and to the south,the Indian Ocean.
• Except for the islands ( a piece of land surrounded by water) Andaman- Nicobar & Lakshwadeep, the redt of the country is contiguous ( being in actual contact, touching along a boundary)
• We have to take into account this region henceforth referred to as Ancient India. When we study the ancient history of India.
• Before 1947, today's Pakistan amd Bangladesh were also a part of India.
• Following regions are seen to be important when we look at the course of Indian History.
1. The Himalayas
2. The plains of Sindhu-Ganga-Brahmaputra rivers
3. The Thar Desert
4. The Deccan Plateau
5. The coastal regions
6. The islands in the seas.
1.Indian Subcontinent & History [ Notes]
Meaning:
1. Subcontinent: a large distinguishable part of a continent (7 continents: Asia, Africa, Europe & Australia) such as North America or the part of Asia containing India, Pakistan & Bangladesh.
1.1 Geographical Conditions and the course of History:
[ ] There is a close relationship between man & his environment.
[ ] The changes in the lifestyle of the early man & his technology were related to the changes in his surroundings.
[ ] History of human civilization from stone age to the agriculture Civilization that flourished on the banks of rivers.
[ ] What is History?
[ ] A coherent account of the significant past events in the progress of human culture.
[ ] Time, place, society and individuals are the four pillars of History. We can't write History without them.
[ ] Of these four components 'place' is related to geography or geographical conditions.
[ ] In this sense, History and geography are inseparable.
[ ] History is influenced by Geographical conditions in many ways.
[ ] Our diet, clothing, housing, occupation in fact, all human life in any region depends to a large extents on its geographical characteristics.
[ ] For ex. The life of the people in hilly regions is more strenuous/ hard than the people on the plains ( a large area of flat land with few trees it is available on a large scale.
[ ] There is scares of grains & vegetables in the hilly region.
[ ] People on the plains get on the diet of the people.
[ ] People on the hilly region depend more on hunting and gathering for their food.
[ ] Other such differences can be seen.
[ ] Sources of livelihood: The climate, rainfall, agricultural produce, flora (plants)& funa (flowers)
[ ] Climate: the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period or a region with a particular climate.
[ ] The culture and lifestyle of a region develops with their support only.
[ ] Human settlements had flourished wherever the means of livelihood are plentiful.
[ ] Over a period of time these settlements develop further into villages and towns.
[ ] But sometimes reasons like the degradation of environment, drought, invasions lead to the scarcity of those means.
[ ] Degradation: the condition or process of degrading or being degraded/ breakdown.
[ ] Drought: a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
[ ] Invasion: an instance of invading a country or region with an armed force.( Alexander the great invaded India in 327 BC).Muhmud Ghazni during his rule, he invaded and plundered the richest cities and temple towns such as Mathura and Somnath, in Medieval India Seventeen times and used the booty ( a slang term for valuable stolen goods) to build his capital in Ghazni.
[ ] People are forced to leave their settlements.
[ ] Villages and towns become deserted.
[ ] We seen many such instances in History.
[ ] Thus we see a very close relation ship between History and Geography.
1.2 Geographical Features of India:
• Our country India ectrnds far and wide.
• India is situated North of the equator between 8°4' North to 37°6' North latitude and 68°7' East to 97°25' East longi6.
• It is the seventh largest country in the world with total area of 3,287,263 square kilometers
• India measures 3214 km from North to South and 2933 km from east to west.
• It has a land frontier of 15200 km and a coastal line of 7516.6 km
• At its north lie the Himalayas;
• To the east, the Bay of Bengal;
• To the west, the Arabian Sea; and to the south,the Indian Ocean.
• Except for the islands ( a piece of land surrounded by water) Andaman- Nicobar & Lakshwadeep, the redt of the country is contiguous ( being in actual contact, touching along a boundary)
• We have to take into account this region henceforth referred to as Ancient India. When we study the ancient history of India.
• Before 1947, today's Pakistan amd Bangladesh were also a part of India.
• Following regions are seen to be important when we look at the course of Indian History.
1. The Himalayas
2. The plains of Sindhu-Ganga-Brahmaputra rivers
3. The Thar Desert
4. The Deccan Plateau
5. The coastal regions
6. The islands in the seas.
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