English Grammar : Participle
WATCH ON YOUTUBE : PARTICIPLE in English Grammar
English Grammar: Participle
What is participle?
Before understanding, what is participle? Lets have some basic information.Students ealier we have studied Verb and its two types i.e. finite and non-finite verbs.
Finite verb: Verb changes as per person, number and tenses.
Lets have few examples of it to understand.
➡️Finite Verb: Tense
Ex:
I write a letter. ( here I is subject; first person, write is a verb in main form that shows present tense.)
He wrote a letter yesterday.( here ‘he’ is subject; third person, wrote is a verb that shows past Tense.)
➡️Finite Verb: Person
Ex:
1. I write a letter.
( here 'I' is subject; first person, write is a verb in main form that shows present tense.)
2. He writes a letter.
( here ‘he’ is subject; third person, writes is a verb used as per subject.)
➡️Finite Verb: Number
Ex:
1. A boy writes a letter.
( here ‘boy’ is subject in singular form, hence writes is used as per number)
2. Boys write a letter.
( here ‘boys’ is subject in plural form,hence ‘write’is used as par number)
(so here the verb changes it for as per its number.)
➡️Non-Finite Verb:
It doesn’t change as per tense, person and number.
Ex:
1. I liked twinkling stars.
(Here two verbs are there liked in past tense but subject is in first person & twinkling Is the second verb in -ing form)
2. She likes twinkling stars. (Here two verbs are there likes in present tense but subject is in second person & twinkling Is the second verb in -ing form)
3. Kids like twinkling stars. (Here two verbs are there like in present tense but subject is in plural form & twinkling Is the second verb in -ing form)
In the above sentences, the verbs liked,likes and like change according to tense, person and number.But the second verb i.e. ‘twinkling’ hasn’t changed.
It modifies the noun ‘stars’, hence it functions as an ‘adjective’and not as a verb.
Hence it is Non-finite verb.
It doesn’t function as main verb.
➡️Non-finite verb works as follows:
[ ] Adjective : He gets in the running train. (‘gets’is main verb, ‘running’ describes the noun train so it an adjective.
[ ] Noun: Running is good for health. ( ‘running’is works here as ‘noun’that is called gerund.)
[ ] Adverb: She went to library to study. (‘to study’ functions as an adverb that describes the verb ‘went’.
✅ What is participle?
A participle is a form of a verb that can be used as an adjective or combined with the verb to be to construct different tenses.
In English, all present participles end in _ing.
In a simple way that means a participle looks like a verb but may have a different role in the sentence.
Ex.: the speaking toy.
‘speaking’ describes the noun ‘toy’and it works as of an ‘adjective’.
👉 Important Note:
• It looks like a verb but doesn’t work as verb.
• It functions an adjective.
• Its not a gerund because It doesn’t work as ‘noun’ but as an ‘adjective’.
➡️ Three types of Participle:
1. Present Participle.
2. Past Participle.
3. Perfect Participle.
✅ 1. Present Participle:
It can function as an adjective and modifies noun in a sentence.
Formation: Verb + ing
✔Use as an Adjective:
Examples:
1. Police stopped the running vehicle.
In the above sentence, ‘stopped’ is the main verb.
‘running'describes the noun ‘ vehicle’. It works as an adjective.
Hence it is ‘Present Participle ‘.
2. I helped a crying baby.
In the above sentence, ‘helped’ is the main verb.
‘crying'describes the noun ‘ baby’. It works as an adjective.
Hence it is ‘Present Participle ‘.
3. My father brings a talking tom.
In the above sentence, ‘brings’ is the main verb.
‘talking'describes the noun ‘ tom’. It works as an adjective.
Hence it is ‘Present Participle ‘.
✔ Use as to create Verb Tenses:
(To be verb tenses)
It can be used to form progressive or continuous tenses of verb that shows an action was /is occuring of in process.
1. Teacher is teaching English.
( Present progressive tense).
2. Teacher was teaching English.
( Past progressive tense).
3. Teacher will be teaching English.
( Future progressive tense).
➡️ 2. Past Participle:
It can also function as an adjective and modifies noun in a sentence.
Third Form of Verb can be used as past participle.
Past participle is formed by adding _ed to regular verbs. Ex: look – looked
Past Participle is formed from irregular verbs also by adding _en, _t, _d, _n. Ex.: Drunken, brunt, hoped, taken.
✔ Examples:
1.I sold the broken furniture.
In the above sentence two verbs are there, sold & broken.
‘sold’ is the main verb and ‘broken’(third form of ‘break’) modifies the noun ‘furniture’, so it works as an adjective here.
Hence it is a past Participle.
2. The broken glass cut my finger.
In the above sentence two verbs are there broken & cut.
‘cut’ is the main verb and ‘broken’(third form of ‘break’) modifies the noun ‘glass’, so it works as an adjective here.
Hence it is a past Participle.
3. He hit my fractured leg.
In the above sentence two verbs are there hit & fractured.
‘hit’ is the main verb and ‘fractured’(third form of ‘Fracture ’) modifies the noun ‘leg’, so it works as an adjective here.
Hence it is a past Participle.
➡️ 3. Perfect Participle:
Combining the word ‘having’ with the past participle of a word creats the perfect participle.
Perfect participle demonstrates that an action was completed in the past.
It can be formed by using having + past participle.
Ex. Having eaten, having written, having booked etc.
✔ Two Types Perfect Participle:
1. Active form : It can be formed by using
‘having + third form of verb’
2. Passive form : It can be formed by using
‘having been + third form of verb’
✔ Examples of Active form:
1. Having eaten dinner,they started walking.
In the above sentence, the first action of ‘eating’ has completed and second action of ‘walking’ has started.
As the first action has already completed so ‘having eaten’ is Perfect Participle.
2. Having finished homework, he went to sleep.
In the above sentence, the first action of ‘finishing’ has completed and second action has started.
As the first action has already completed so ‘having finished ’ is Perfect Participle.
✔ Examples of Passive form:
1. Having been sung a song, he danced .
In the above sentence, the first action of ‘singing’ has completed and second action has started. ( the action of singing has completed first and then the action of dancing)
As the first action has already completed so ‘having been sung’ is Perfect Participle.
✅ What have we learned?
[ ✔ ] Finite verb
[ ✔ ] Non-finite verb
[ ✔ ] What is participle?
Three types of Participle:
[ ✔ ] Present Participle.: verb + ing
[ ✔ ] Past Participle.: verb + _ed,_en,_t,_n
[ ✔ ] Perfect Participle.: having + V3,
having been + V 3
English Grammar: Participle
What is participle?
Before understanding, what is participle? Lets have some basic information.Students ealier we have studied Verb and its two types i.e. finite and non-finite verbs.
Finite verb: Verb changes as per person, number and tenses.
Lets have few examples of it to understand.
➡️Finite Verb: Tense
Ex:
I write a letter. ( here I is subject; first person, write is a verb in main form that shows present tense.)
He wrote a letter yesterday.( here ‘he’ is subject; third person, wrote is a verb that shows past Tense.)
➡️Finite Verb: Person
Ex:
1. I write a letter.
( here 'I' is subject; first person, write is a verb in main form that shows present tense.)
2. He writes a letter.
( here ‘he’ is subject; third person, writes is a verb used as per subject.)
➡️Finite Verb: Number
Ex:
1. A boy writes a letter.
( here ‘boy’ is subject in singular form, hence writes is used as per number)
2. Boys write a letter.
( here ‘boys’ is subject in plural form,hence ‘write’is used as par number)
(so here the verb changes it for as per its number.)
➡️Non-Finite Verb:
It doesn’t change as per tense, person and number.
Ex:
1. I liked twinkling stars.
(Here two verbs are there liked in past tense but subject is in first person & twinkling Is the second verb in -ing form)
2. She likes twinkling stars. (Here two verbs are there likes in present tense but subject is in second person & twinkling Is the second verb in -ing form)
3. Kids like twinkling stars. (Here two verbs are there like in present tense but subject is in plural form & twinkling Is the second verb in -ing form)
In the above sentences, the verbs liked,likes and like change according to tense, person and number.But the second verb i.e. ‘twinkling’ hasn’t changed.
It modifies the noun ‘stars’, hence it functions as an ‘adjective’and not as a verb.
Hence it is Non-finite verb.
It doesn’t function as main verb.
➡️Non-finite verb works as follows:
[ ] Adjective : He gets in the running train. (‘gets’is main verb, ‘running’ describes the noun train so it an adjective.
[ ] Noun: Running is good for health. ( ‘running’is works here as ‘noun’that is called gerund.)
[ ] Adverb: She went to library to study. (‘to study’ functions as an adverb that describes the verb ‘went’.
✅ What is participle?
A participle is a form of a verb that can be used as an adjective or combined with the verb to be to construct different tenses.
In English, all present participles end in _ing.
In a simple way that means a participle looks like a verb but may have a different role in the sentence.
Ex.: the speaking toy.
‘speaking’ describes the noun ‘toy’and it works as of an ‘adjective’.
👉 Important Note:
• It looks like a verb but doesn’t work as verb.
• It functions an adjective.
• Its not a gerund because It doesn’t work as ‘noun’ but as an ‘adjective’.
➡️ Three types of Participle:
1. Present Participle.
2. Past Participle.
3. Perfect Participle.
✅ 1. Present Participle:
It can function as an adjective and modifies noun in a sentence.
Formation: Verb + ing
✔Use as an Adjective:
Examples:
1. Police stopped the running vehicle.
In the above sentence, ‘stopped’ is the main verb.
‘running'describes the noun ‘ vehicle’. It works as an adjective.
Hence it is ‘Present Participle ‘.
2. I helped a crying baby.
In the above sentence, ‘helped’ is the main verb.
‘crying'describes the noun ‘ baby’. It works as an adjective.
Hence it is ‘Present Participle ‘.
3. My father brings a talking tom.
In the above sentence, ‘brings’ is the main verb.
‘talking'describes the noun ‘ tom’. It works as an adjective.
Hence it is ‘Present Participle ‘.
✔ Use as to create Verb Tenses:
(To be verb tenses)
It can be used to form progressive or continuous tenses of verb that shows an action was /is occuring of in process.
1. Teacher is teaching English.
( Present progressive tense).
2. Teacher was teaching English.
( Past progressive tense).
3. Teacher will be teaching English.
( Future progressive tense).
➡️ 2. Past Participle:
It can also function as an adjective and modifies noun in a sentence.
Third Form of Verb can be used as past participle.
Past participle is formed by adding _ed to regular verbs. Ex: look – looked
Past Participle is formed from irregular verbs also by adding _en, _t, _d, _n. Ex.: Drunken, brunt, hoped, taken.
✔ Examples:
1.I sold the broken furniture.
In the above sentence two verbs are there, sold & broken.
‘sold’ is the main verb and ‘broken’(third form of ‘break’) modifies the noun ‘furniture’, so it works as an adjective here.
Hence it is a past Participle.
2. The broken glass cut my finger.
In the above sentence two verbs are there broken & cut.
‘cut’ is the main verb and ‘broken’(third form of ‘break’) modifies the noun ‘glass’, so it works as an adjective here.
Hence it is a past Participle.
3. He hit my fractured leg.
In the above sentence two verbs are there hit & fractured.
‘hit’ is the main verb and ‘fractured’(third form of ‘Fracture ’) modifies the noun ‘leg’, so it works as an adjective here.
Hence it is a past Participle.
➡️ 3. Perfect Participle:
Combining the word ‘having’ with the past participle of a word creats the perfect participle.
Perfect participle demonstrates that an action was completed in the past.
It can be formed by using having + past participle.
Ex. Having eaten, having written, having booked etc.
✔ Two Types Perfect Participle:
1. Active form : It can be formed by using
‘having + third form of verb’
2. Passive form : It can be formed by using
‘having been + third form of verb’
✔ Examples of Active form:
1. Having eaten dinner,they started walking.
In the above sentence, the first action of ‘eating’ has completed and second action of ‘walking’ has started.
As the first action has already completed so ‘having eaten’ is Perfect Participle.
2. Having finished homework, he went to sleep.
In the above sentence, the first action of ‘finishing’ has completed and second action has started.
As the first action has already completed so ‘having finished ’ is Perfect Participle.
✔ Examples of Passive form:
1. Having been sung a song, he danced .
In the above sentence, the first action of ‘singing’ has completed and second action has started. ( the action of singing has completed first and then the action of dancing)
As the first action has already completed so ‘having been sung’ is Perfect Participle.
✅ What have we learned?
[ ✔ ] Finite verb
[ ✔ ] Non-finite verb
[ ✔ ] What is participle?
Three types of Participle:
[ ✔ ] Present Participle.: verb + ing
[ ✔ ] Past Participle.: verb + _ed,_en,_t,_n
[ ✔ ] Perfect Participle.: having + V3,
having been + V 3
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